Court Cases
It was alleged that Black children were not given the same standard of learning English.
What is MLK Jr. Elementary School Children vs. Ann Arbor School District (1979)?
Those who treat languages as a single bounded system, meant to be separate and used wholly and singularly.
What is Monoglossic?
Students receive some instruction in their home language but not solely with the goal of English-only in mind.
What is Transitional Bilingual Education (TBE)?
Equal Education was not given to Asian students because of linguistic barriers.
What is Lau vs. Nichols (1974)?
Treat languages as hybrids and promote the creative use of multiple linguistic resources.
What is Heteroglossic?
Emphasizes interaction, meaningful language input, and opportunities for learners to produce language.
What is Interactionist Theory?
Students receive instruction in their home languages and in English to be proficient in both.
What is Developmental Bilingual Education (DBE)?
Schools may not deny immigrant children because of them being immigrant - documented/ undocumented.
What is Plyer vs. Doe (1982)?
Connect language to race and reflect the way that members of a particular society make sense of these intersecting social categories.
What is Raciolinguistic?
Emphasizes how social interaction, culture, identity, and participation shape learning.
What is Sociocultural Theory?
Instruction is not given in students' primary language. Students are placed in English-only classrooms with no extra/special support. This approach is Illegal in the U.S. - Supreme Court decision: Lau vs. Nichols.
What is Submersion?
Refers to the students in the program rather than the languages used. This approach is very similar to DBE but doesn't only teach students who use a different language at home.
What is One-way Dual Language Education?
A "test" to determine if the needs of multilingual students are being met by policies.
What is Castaneda v. Pickard (1981)?
They dynamic movement and use of multiple languages within a single classroom space.
What is Translanguaging?
The increasing interconnectedness of societies and economies, including through migration, technology, and communication.
What is Globalization?
Instruction is given with integrated academic content throughout the day, or the students gets pulled out of the classroom. At a secondary level, students may be placed in groups based upon their English level abilities.
What is English as a Second Language (ESL)?
What is Two-way Dual Language Immersion Programs?