Studying Language
a language without any native speakers
Extinct Language
the variant of a language that is published, widely distributed, and purposely taught
Standard Language
a set of sounds and symbols that are used for communication
Language
where is the hearth of the Proto-Indo-European language?
Rocky Mountains is an example of what toponym
Descriptive toponym
a process where new languages are formed from one language
(and what does spatial interaction do here?)
Language Divergence
(spatial interaction decreases)
languages used in everyday interaction in a group of people
Vernacular Language
group of languages with a shared but distant origin
Language Families
the 2 most commonly used languages on the Internet are
English and Chinese
What toponym is named after the founder
a process where two languages collapse into one language
(and what does spatial interaction do here?)
Language Convergence
(spatial interaction increases)
a language used among speakers of different languages for trade
-can be a single language, or a mix of two languages
Lingua Franca
variants of a standard language along regional or ethnic lines
BONUS- what word explains that "dialects closer to each other are more similar than dialects far away from each other"?
Dialects
BONUS- Dialect Chains
what language family has these...
subfamilies- Romance, Germanic, and Slavic
languages- English, German, Danish, and Norwegian
the Indo-European language family
What geographer said that by naming a place people call that place into being
Yi Fu-Tuan
tracking sound shifts and hardening consonants back to uncover an original language
Backward Reconstruction
the natural combination of two or more languages into one dialect that has a simplified structure and vocabulary
Pidgin Language
divisions within a language family where commonalities are more definite, and the origin is more recent
Language Subfamilies
what subfamily has these languages?
French, Spanish, Italian, Romanian, and Portuguese
the Romance Language subfamilies
Knowing who named a place and how the name was chosen helps understand what
The uniqueness of that place
a word in one language that shares its origin with a word in another language
Cognate
a pidgin language that has developed a more complex structure and vocabulary
Creole Language
(Hint- there are 4 classifications)
language families
language subfamilies
languages
dialects
what subfamily has these languages?
English, German, Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish
the Germanic Language subfamilies
As toponyms diffuse through migration, what also diffuses
Language