Vocabulary
What is bilingualism?
Many of these people partly come from families that left Central America to escape poverty or violence; therefore, being placed at a socioeconomic disadvantage.
Who are the ELL (English language learner) students?
Frequent pressure on a student to speak Standard English would result in this.
What is the damage to a student's overall well-being?
For words like "them," those," and "these;" the th sound may be replaced with this.
What is the d sound?
German
What is Montana?
The informal or conversational speech in a community.
What are colloquialisms?
This former mayor of New York City was fluent in five languages and various speech styles with each ethnic group.
Who was Fiorello La Guardia?
In today's society, some school districts put out these policies to discourage school staff members in response to the recent social justice movements and clergy scandals.
What are the "no-touching" policies?
"24/7," "iffy," "airhead," "that's crazy"
What are slang words or terms?
Yupik
What is Alaska?
The same language but a different pronunciation from what is considered standard.
What is a nonstandard dialect?
In 1981, this politician introduced a constitutional amendment to make English the official language of the United States. That proposal later died without a hearing.
Who was (Senator) S. I. Hayakawa?
Educators viewed the rejection of this language as detrimental to the academic development and achievement of students.
What is African American English (as a legitimate form of communication)?
Contemporary celebrities along with the more contemporary generations have these as a form of self-expression and nonverbal communication, and they increase concerns among health officials and parents.
What are tattoos and piercings?
OR
What is body art?
Filipino
What is Hawaii?
A more or less secretive vocabulary of a co-culture group.
What is an argot?
In 2016, Kamenetz highlighted that students in these programs have the advantage of being in more ethnically and socioeconomically-balanced classes.
What are the dual language immersion programs?
This is an alternative for handling dialect in educational settings that is often followed. It gives Native dialects more freedom in certain situations/uses.
What is encouraging students to read and write Standard English?
These eliminate the gliding e, resulting in a word like "side" as sad.
What are Southern dialects?
Somali
What is Maine?
A creole of English with words and phrases from Hawaiian, Japanese, Chinese, and other languages.
What is Hawaiian pidgin English?
James Cummins (1996) indicated that these skills require less knowledge of the associated language and utilize simpler syntax.
What are the basic interpersonal communication skills (BICS)?
Ms. Graham of South Elementary School implements these to appeal to students that speak Spanish at home.
What are the Spanish-&-English vocabulary lessons?
These speakers tend to pronounce "light" as if it were "right;" "long" as if it were "wrong."
What are monolingual Japanese speakers?
Arabic
What is Michigan?