A stage of second language acquisition where the student is able to produce words in isolation and may start a conversation by pointing or using simple words.
What is the early production stage (or emergent bilingual)?
100
A term used to refer to real objects (think about my example I gave you of using the trunk from the museum).
What is realia?
100
The smallest sound in our speech.
What is a phoneme?
100
Another word used to describe translanguage (going back and forth from one language to another)
What is code-switching?
100
One of Krashen's hypotheses that claims language is acquired in a natural order.
What is the Natural Order Hypothesis?
200
A specialized area of the brain designed for language (according to Chomsky).
What is the LAD or Language Acquisition Device?
200
Asking yes/no questions, asking students to point/show, using realia, modeling, etc.
What are teacher strategies that you can use for a student who is in the silent period?
200
The study of sound patterns in languages.
What is phonology?
200
An model where students are pulled out of class to work on language that is tied to content.
What is ESL Pullout with Content Instruction?
200
The distance between the actual developmental level by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance.
What is the zone of proximal development?
300
anxiety, boredom, nervousness, lack of motivation
What are some factors that may affect language learning?
300
When an adult or peer offers help to a student while working in their zone of proximal development.
What is scaffolding?
300
The study of the structure of words.
What is morphology?
300
An approach that is still happening YET is ILLEGAL.
What is English Immersion?
300
A mental block caused by factors such as anxiety and boredom that prevents input from reaching the learner.
What is the affective filter?
400
Babbling, one word stage, vocabulary explosion, two word stage.
What are 4 milestones in FIRST language acquisition?
400
The study of the MEANING of words and sentences.
What is semantics?
400
The most widely used model of bilingual education where students are moved to all-English classes within 3 years.
What is Early-Exit Bilingual Education?
400
Input that is slightly beyond a students current ability level.
What is i + 1? (input plus one)
500
Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency Skills
What are CALPS?
500
A reading strategy used to improve a students ability to learn from text through the practice of four skills: summarizing, clarifying, questioning, and predicting.
What is reciprocal teaching?
500
The study of the rules governing the way words and morphemes are combined to form sentences.
What is syntax?
500
An ADDITIVE model where students learn language and content in BOTH languages.
What is dual language?
500
A model that focuses on sociocultural factors (social and psychological distance) that act on the language learner.