VOCAB
Misc.
Languages
More Vocab
Types of Language and theorys
100
A set of sounds, combination of sounds, and symbols that are used for communication
What is Language
100
The ability of two people to understand each other when speaking
What is Mutual Intelligibility
100
Language without any native speakers
What is Extinct Language
100
The language used most commonly around the world; defined on the basis of either the number of speakers of the language, or prevalence of use in commerce and trade
What is Global Language
100
One major theory of how Proto-Indo-European diffused into Europe which holds that the early speakers of Proto-Indo-European spread westward on horseback, overpowering earlier inhabitants and beginning the diffusion and differentiation of Indo-European tongues
What is Conquest theory
200
Today it refers to a "common language," a language used among speakers of different languages for the purposes of trade and commerce.
What is lingua franca
200
A set of contiguous dialects in which the dialects nearest to each other at any place in the chain are most closely related
What is Dialect Chains
200
(English, German, Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish) that reflect the expansion of peoples out of Northern Europe to the west and south
What is Germanic Languages
200
Local or regional characteristics of a language. While accent refers to the pronunciation differences of a standard language, a dialect, in addition to pronunciation variation, has distinctive grammar and vocabulary
What is Dialect
200
The variant of a language that a country's political and intellectual elite seek to promote as the norm for use in schools, government, the media, and other aspects of public life
What is Standard Language
300
The collapsing of two languages into one resulting from the consistent spatial interaction of peoples with different languages
What is language convergence
300
Hypothesis which holds that the Indo-European languages that arose from Proto-Indo-European were first carried eastward into Southwest Asia, next around the Caspian Sea, and then across the Russian-Ukrainian plains and on into the Balkans
What is Dispersal Hypothesis
300
Languages (Russian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Ukrainian, Slovenian, Serbo-Croatian, and Bulgarian) that developed as Slavic people migrated from a base in present-day Ukraine close to 2000 years ago
What is Slavic Languages
300
Group of languages with a shared but fairly distant origin
What is Language Families
300
A language that began as a pidgin language but was later adopted as the mother tongue by a people in place of the mother tongue
What is Creole Language
400
A geographic boundary within which a particular linguistic feature occurs.
What is Isogloss
400
Language believed to be the ancestral language not only of Proto-Indo-European, but also of the Kartvelian languages of the of the southern Caucasus region, the Uralic-Altaic languages (including Hungarian, Finnish, Turkish, and Mongolian), the Dravadian languages of India, and the Afro-Asiatic language family
What is Nostratic
400
Languages (French, Spanish, Italian, Romanian, and Portuguese) that lie in the areas that were once controlled by the Roman Empire but were not subsequently overwhelmed
What is Romance Languages
400
Divisions within a language family where the commonalities are more definite and the origin is more recent
What is Subfamilies
400
The language used most commonly around the world; defined on the basis of either the number of speakers of the language, or prevalence of use in commerce and trade
What is Global Language
500
Slight change in a word across languages within a subfamily or through a language family from the present backward toward its origin
What is Sound Shift
500
Technique using the vocabulary of an extinct language to re-create the language that proceeded the extinct language
What is Deep Reconstruction
500
When parts of two or more languages are combined in a simplified structure and vocabulary
What is Pidgin Language
500
The tracking of sound shifts and hardening of consonants "backward" toward the original language
What is Backwards reconstruction
500
In multilingual countries the language selected, often by the educated and politically powerful elite, to promote internal cohesion; usually the language of the courts and government
What is Official Language
M
e
n
u