Terminology
Define Idiolect
the language you speak as an individual
Who is the theorist behind “immigrants language“ & what year was the theory proposed?
Drummond (2012)
What language did Gary Ives study of “Teen Speak” ?
He look at “teen language” such as: slang, swearing and informal discourses.
What is Estuary English
the mix of RP and Cockney.
Define Language Contact
interaction of two or more languages causing them to mix and influence eachother
Give the Claim of Gary Ives London Study?
focused on language and ethnicity in a London school
language is not hugely dependent on ethnicity but where you live and your group identity
What is Code Switching & Why is it used?
switching between languages in an utterance allowing a speaker to convey emotion effectively by drawing on the most appropriate language or linguistic varities
What is a Pidgin
Mixing of groups speaking different native languages Occurs out of necessity in a short space of time. Simplified version of both languages (lexis of more powerful group and grammar of less powerful)
Who is the theorist behind Code Switching Theory and What is the conclusion?
Holmes
he observed that individuals can still express their ethnic identity with their second language even if they don’t speak it at a native level
evidence of Ives London Study
part of MLE was used by students from all ethnic backgrounds. as-well as white British students using lexis with Jamaican origins
vocabulary: “bare”, “calm”, “hype”
What was noticed in the George OsbourneStudy
Whilst in his role as Chancellor, Osbourne was seen to drop his RP accent and use an accent closer to Estuary English when speaking to workers in comparison to in parliment where hed use his RP accent again
Define reappropriation and give an example
reclaiming a word or phrase that has come to mean something insulting and using it as if it is normal or even complimentary.
Example: some racial slurs, some LGBTQ + terms, punk
Where was Ives teen speak study conducted? How does this effect the reliability of his results?
carried out in West Yorkshire
meaning results are less reliable since they are restricted to only opinions from West Yorkshire and cannot represent all teenagers
Features of Estuary English
Glottal stop (missing out the ‘t’ in the middle of words like ‘butter’).
The dark l (/ɫ/) – pronouncing ‘l’ sounds with an ‘ulll’ sound.
TH-fronting – pronouncing the ‘th’ words with an ‘f’ sound. For example, ‘thing’ becomes ‘fing’.
Define Multiethnolect and Give an Example
A language variety influenced by several ethnic groups.
Example: Multicultural London English
What is the Claim and Evidence of Penelope Eckerts Jocks & Burnouts? and What language did she study?
Claim: suggests jocks and burnouts are two different ”communities of practice” each involving students who have come together to share ways of doing things.
Evidence: She found a difference in pitch, punctuation and grammar used by these individuals. Concluded that these differences represent different kinds of response to the school institutionWhat is Cockney rhyming slang & Give an Example?
a dialectal variation found in London that originated from the criminal underworld in the 1800s as a way of communicating without the police knowing of their doings.
example: include ‘brown bread’ for dead and ‘trouble and strife’ for wife