Reading 1
What is a summary?
A summary generally includes only the main points of a reading and omits details and examples.
Do the following sentences indicate a compare/contrast relationship, a statement followed by and example, or a statement followed by an explanation?
"In the 10th century Scandinavian seafarers known as Vikings actually established settlements in the New World. In the year 984, a band of Vikings led by Eric the Red sailed west from Iceland to a large island in the North Atlantic."
Example
Name a synonym for exploits.
deeds, adventures, ventures
Name 4 definitions of forge.
a. to illegally copy something
b. to develop a strong relationship with other people, groups
c. to produce or make something after a lot of time/discussion
d. to make something from metal by heating/shaping it
What is the difference between infer and imply?
An author or speaker "implies" something without directly stating it. The reader or listener "infers" from the context. Inference involves understanding what the author implies.
Name 3 collocations with "enduring."
enduring myth/enduring appeal/enduring practice/enduring belief/enduring legacy
Find the supporting details for the main idea.
Main Idea: The movement of peoples across continents led to many significant changes.
1. The culture of the New World changed as European conquistadores made their way through the most populous areas of the region.
2. The Black Death was a dreadful plague that discouraged people from joining transatlantic explorations.
3. Diseases such as smallpox and measles, brought in by European explorers, decimated Native American populations.
4. Beringia was a land bridge that connected Asia and North America, but it is now submerged beneath the Bering Sea.
5. Around 10.7 million Africans were forced out of their homelands and made to work in the American colonies.
6. Even before the Europeans colonized the New World, the Portuguese purchased 1,000 slaves per year.
1, 3, (5)
Do the following sentences indicate a compare/contrast relationship, a statement followed by and example, or a statement followed by an explanation?
"At the time of the Viking settlement, other Europeans were unprepared to sponsor transatlantic exploration. Medieval kingdoms were loosely organized, and until the early 15th century, fierce provincial loyalties, widepread ignorance of classical learning, and dreadful plagues such as the Black Death discouraged people from thinking expansively about the world beyond their own immediate communities."
explanation
Name a synonym for merging/bringing under one roof.
consolidation
The president will _____________ the use of force if diplomatic efforts fail.
sanction
Name an adjustment the Native Americans made to changing environmental conditions.
began to settle in communities (less nomadic); learned how to cultivate crops
Name 3 collocations with formidable.
formidable:
army, enemy/foe, competitor, challenge, task, weapon
Since the Paleo-Indians had such extensive contact with domesticated animals, they acquired immunities from many contagious germs.
This statement . . . the main ideas of Reading Two.
a. agrees with b. disagrees with c. has no connection to
disagrees with
Do the following sentences indicate a compare/contrast relationship, a statement followed by and example, or a statement followed by an explanation?
"Ptolemy (2nd century A.D.) and other ancient geographers had mapped the known world and had even demonstrated that the world was round. During the Middle Ages, however, Europeans lost effective contact with classical tradition."
comparison
Name a synonym for disruption/chaos caused by violence.
upheaval
Name a synonym for announced.
proclaimed
Use 5 vocabulary words to summarize Reading 3: West Africa at the Time of European Exploration.
TBD
Name 3 collocations with lethal.
lethal:
weapon, force, combination, dose
Slavery is no longer legal anywhere in the world.
This statement . . . the main ideas of Reading Three.
a. agrees with b. disagrees with c. has no connection to
has no connection to
What conditions in Europe changed to promote exploration?
Europe became more prosperous.
Literate Europeans began to have a more expansive outlook.
Political authority became more centralized.
Populations grew and land became more expensive.
Name a synonym for unstable.
Volatile
Name a synonym for long-lasting.
prolonged
Name 3 definitions of "figure."
a. a particular amount of money
b. someone famous/important in a particular way
c. someone representing authority because of their character or behavior
d. a number representing an amount
What does the adverb "even" mean?
Societies changed, both in the Old World and the New World, as a result of conquest and exploration.
This statement . . . the main ideas of the chapter.
a. agrees with b. disagrees with c. has no connection to
agrees with
What were some of the conditions that led to Spain becoming a world power?
Its kingdoms were united.
Advances in geographic knowledge.
There was an increase in creative energy.
Men loyal to the king and eager for personal glory were willing to explore.
Name a synonym for "organized in one place."
centralized
Name a synonym for deeply, extremely.
profoundly
The student received a(n) _____________ on his homework because he had been sick.
extension
Name 3 expressions with "even."
Even so
Even today/even now
Even though
Even before
Even if