Ruminants
These species are lacking maxillary incisors
What are cattle, sheep, and goats?
This type of roughage is low in protein but has some energy that ruminal microbes can extract
What is carbonaceous roughage?
This nutrient is the primary energy source in large animal rations and is the building blocks for other nutrients like fat
What are carbohydrates?
A large animal's body weight is this percent water
What is 60%
This portion of the foregut is where fermentation occurs
Bonus: What is responsible for breaking down fiber into energy in ruminant animals?
What is the rumen?
Bonus: What is ruminal microbes?
Legume, clover, hay, and grasses are types of this high-protein roughage
Bonus: legume hay can cause this serious condition
What is proteinaceous roughage?
Bonus: what is primary bloat/frothy bloat?
This vitamin can be toxic in excess
What is vitamin D?
A large animal can experience fluid loss through these routes (name one or more)
What is the GI tract, respiratory tract, urinary tract (kidneys), integument (sweat), or hemorrhage?
This part of the foregut collects dense/inedible objects that cattle eat
What is the reticulum?
Dairy cattle are fed either component feed rations or this, also known as TMR, where all dietary components are in a single uniform mixture
What are totally mixed rations?
These microbes include protozoa, bacteria, and fungi that are used to break down fiber in the rumen
What are ruminal microbes?
This route is not the preferred used for fluid administration
What is subcutaneous (SQ)?
This section of the foregut is considered the "true stomach" and digests feed proteins
Bonus: True/False: the left displaced of this section occurs more commonly than right displaced
What is the abomasum?
Bonus: True
This type of feed is the product of fermentation of green forage crops and has a high moisture content
Bonus: When this feed is stored incorrectly, this illness can occur
What is silage?
Bonus: What is botulism?
These macrominerals have a 2:1 ratio in a balanced livestock diet
What are calcium and phosphorus?
This species require 2-3 times more water consumption per day than horses
What are cattle?
The function of this section of the foregut is to act like a filter and squeeze out water from feed, and it has a honeycomb structure
What is the omasum?
Carbonaceous grains make up this type of feed that is high in total digestible nutrients, net energy, and digestible energy
What are energy feeds?
This nutrient provides greater than 70% of the ruminants energy supply and includes Acetic acid, Proprionic acid, and Butyric acid
What are VFAs (Volatile Fatty Acids)?
Enteral feeding can be administered through these two different placements of tubes, but only if the GI tract is capable of digestion/absorption
What are indwelling nasogastric tubes, esophagostomy tubes, or orogastric tubes?