Ring Ring....
The scariest thing we plan for...
High likelihood/High Consequence
Environmental Hazards!!!
All The Odds and Ends
100

What is the order in which you deliver information from the field to basecamp during a call-in?  Which does each color indicate in the coded call system?

Color  

Crew
Location  
Name
Situation  
 

Green – non-urgent information update 

Yellow – Anticipate support within 24 hours
Red – Life or Limb

100

At what sites are crews required to use wags-bags?  What are other considerations when deciding to use them elsewhere?

LOPP's Section 6:  Program Activities -> Waste Management: Procedures
Students should use the student bathhouse toilets while doing any base activity. For crews staying at Sacred Knoll or other base  
campsites not easily accessible to the student toilets, the WAG Bag system must be used.
 
2. WAG bags should be used for all solo and climbing sites on and off base.  Cat-holes are not acceptable.
 
3. Crews staying at high-impact sites (Steph’s Secret, Blueberry, Dos Equis, Cedar Rock Creek, Russell’s Favorite, Sunny Ridge etc.) should use the WAG Bags system.  

100

What should staff do every time before driving a vehicle to ensure the safety of passengers and integrity of the vehicle?

Conduct a Vehicle Check!

100

After a notable large weather event (fierce storm, astounding lightning event, hail storm, wind, etc) What should you do to indicate you all are safe?  

Weather [5.5a]
If severe weather is expected or a crew experiences unusually severe weather, the instructional staff will contact base camp by phone, text, or in person to verify the current safety of the crew.    

100

Describe the differences between a Bear Hang rope, a coffee break handline, and a climbing rope.  Which can be used or not used for what purpose.

CBL – Bear Hang and handline, no climbing 

Bear hang – bear hang only 

Climbing rope – Handline or climbing rope, no bear hang 

200

What does the term UTM stand for and what exactly is it?  
 
How is it used?

The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinate system is a globally standardized method for assigning coordinates to locations on Earth,  
 
Similar to lat/long but using “Flat” coordinates vs “spherical coordinates”
 
Helps basecamp pinpoint an exact location and relay that to EMS if necessary.

200

At what solo sites can students NOT ever be in possession of their solo food and must eat outside of their solo site.   How do you support and manage this as an instructor team.

CR LOPPs   [6.24a] (2.)  
At satellite campsites and sites near basecamp, no students will have food at their solo site at any time during solo.  Please make arrangements to eat as a group prior to and after solo or do solo at a site further away. 

 

200

Who needs to be present when doing the kitchen safety lesson?

Everyone! All students and instructors.

200

At what ratio for Flash of lightning to boom (thunderclap) should you be commencing lightning drill?  What should you be doing before getting into lightning drill?  Other considerations?  

Procedures 

  1. At 5 miles or 8 km (25 seconds between flash/boom), groups should immediately seek the lowest risk location available:
    - Seek lower ground. Get off peaks and ridges as soon as possible
    - Seek drier ground.
    - Avoid or get off bodies of water
    - Seek a wide area of uniform trees, the smaller the better. Avoid taller trees
    - Avoid shallow caves, rock overhangs and unenclosed, permanent structures

 

  1. At 2 miles or 3.2 km (10 seconds between flash/boom), groups should assume lightning position. 

- Spread group out 50 feet (15 meters) between each person to avoid multiple injuries. At night, if getting students out of their shelters creates a larger management risk (behavior, hypothermia, etc.) and if the shelters are in a relatively lower risk location, consider leaving students in shelters, but have them sit up. Lying down is a greater exposure to injury or cardiac arrest from ground current than sitting up. 

- Separate the instructors. 

- Squat or sit on something non-conductive like a foam pad, a PFD or the back padding side of backpack. On watercraft, sit on a foam pad and elevate feet with a pack/bag, if possible. 

- Groups should exit lightning positions not less than 15 minutes after the last 10-second flash/boom count. 

  1. Groups should remain in a lower-risk location for at least 30 minutes after the last thunderclap closer than five miles (8 km). 

200

What information needs to be discussed with students before going into the field (ideally at the course start location or airport).

Name, pronouns, 

Recent injuries, or illness 

Exposure to sick people 

Medications and/or changes to medication 

Building rapport!!! 

300

If you are calling into basecamp, which phone do you call when?  When should you text in?  

The Emergency Landline = 9AM - 5PM 

Emergency Cell Phone = 5:01PM - 8:59AM

Texting = When prompted by basecamp or if you're delivering and don't need a response from basecamp.

*If you are unable to get a call out from a call and need to send important information*

What could you do if you had a REAL emergency and you couldn't get a call or text out?  

***If you need any type of support don't hesitate to reach out but realize we can't instruct your course for you***

*** If you really can't get through to base and you have an urgent need, call MGMT on call***

300

What are the three levels of NCOBS supervision?
 
Describe them and give three examples when you would move your group from tighter or looser supervision.  

Level 1 (Direct) Supervision: Staff are positioned to monitor students’ actions and interactions and to intervene without delay to maintain physical and emotional safety, to uphold behavioral expectations and to prevent high hazard or high consequence situations.  

Level 2 (Indirect) Supervision: Staff are positioned to anticipate or quickly identify the need to transition to Level 1 supervision and intervene in time to limit exposure to high consequence situations. Staff can readily correct lapses in behavioral expectations. When Level 2 supervision is appropriate, students have shown an ability to reliably recognize hazardous situations, to follow rules for equipment use, to use positive communication and to refrain from harassing behaviors. Instructors are close and vigilant enough that if the situation becomes unsafe, they can prevent serious consequences from resulting, and students can readily ask instructors for help. 

Level 3 (Remote) Supervision: Students’ location is easily confirmed by instructors in the vicinity and/or tracked by a position locator device by instructors positioned to proceed to the vicinity within 3 hours and prescribed by a clear management plan. 

  1. Students will be supervised at level 1 at the beginning of the course. Thereafter, students will be supervised at a level appropriate to the situation, including their proven ability to participate in safety management and the hazards of the terrain and the environment. 

  1. Regardless of the age and experience of the group and the stage of the course, staff will return to or remain in Level 1 direct supervision: 

  1. When staff assesses group dynamics to be unhealthy. 

  1. During activities with persistent inherent risk including but not limited to boating in exposed or rough conditions, whitewater boating, travel in technical terrain, swimming, and roped travel. 

  1. When terrain, weather, temperature, or other conditions are more hazardous than students have demonstrated the capability to manage. 

  1. When the consequences of students not following instructions may be severe

300

When you first arrive at a campsite, what is your order of operations? What risk are you assessing for and how do you manage them? 

Appropriate rooms of the house.  Distance between sleeping area and food.


Dead trees in the campsite and navigating around those.

Where's water? - filtering and bleaching water

Group risk - wet shoes, layering, snack, moral


300

The temperatures are dropping!  How are you managing this as a team? What are strategies you could use use to manage this risk and support your students on this course. 

- 3-season or winter sleeping bags

- Ensuring students have adequate layers and are wearing them

- Hot drinks at night 

- Hot breakfasts

- Adequate Fluid and Food intake

- Playing movement based games! 

- Getting people to use the bathroom before going to bed

- Campfires at night

- Not sleeping in wet or sweaty clothes. 

- Going to bed before the temps Really Drop, 

- Getting the crews up once the sun warmed up a bit. 

300

What should staff be doing before undergoing any program activities?

A:  Professional Standards Section 1: General  

1.1 Staff will acknowledge that they understand and follow OBFPP and COPPs, and that compliance with policies is mandatory and a condition of employment. 

1.3 Each staff team will carry applicable policies and procedures in the field.  

1.4 Staff will review all applicable policies and procedures before undertaking any program activity.

400

In the Cedar Rock Course Area, where are five landlines besides basecamp that you could use in an emergency if your Sat Phone and Cell phone were not working?  

Appendix (B) Landlines in Pisgah RD 

Land Lines in Pisgah RD 

Should your satellite phone fail there are a few places in our course area where you will find a public landline phone or people staffing forest service buildings. 

  1. Fish Hatchery off FS Rd. 475:  828.877.5314 phone available 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. 

  1. Davidson River Campground off 276: 828.862.5960 is the log cabin phone number and this building is staffed year round.  828.877.4910 is the gatehouse number where a phone is available 24 hours a day from May 1st   through Oct. 31st. 

  1. Cradle of Forestry off 276: 828.887.3130 a phone is available 9a-5p seven days a week.  Volunteers live in a cabin on the property and are available to help with their personal cell phones in a pinch. 

  1. Horse Stables off FS Rd. 477:  828.883.8258 Stable operators have a phone (solar charged) and are present at this location beginning at about 9am and they leave as early as 3:30pm or as late as 6pm depending on the day. 

  1. Pisgah Inn off the Blue Ridge Parkway: 828.235.8228 is open with security guard on duty 24 hours a day 7 days a week from April 1st until Nov. 1st. 

  1. Sunburst Campground off 215: 828.648.7841 has campground host living onsite April 1st until Nov 1st. 

  1. Daniel Boone Boy Scout Camp off SR 1129:  828.648.6770 is the number for the Ranger who lives on site year round. 

  1. Pisgah Ranger Station off 276: 828.877.3265 Open M-F 8a to 5p Sat. 9a-5p and Sun. 1p-5p.  There is a phone and rangers at this location. 

400

You're expedition on day two of course and a student loses their balance and falls down a 3ft steep rock they were working on. They land on their side and you notice they hit their head. They're gashed up with major scrapes on there right side and their right knee is pretty swollen and bruised.  They are Aox2...

What are you're next moves? 

- Get the backpack off of the student into a position of comfort

- Conduct a patient Assessment to check for further injuries

- Document the patient assessment with a SOAP note, and timeline of events.

- Get the crew to pause and take a break as instructors treat the student.

- When would you inform basecamp?

- In your assessment you discover the knee is usable but unstable and partial weight bearing. 

400

What are some signs and symptoms that someone may be undergoing anaphylaxis and may need epinephrine?

  1. Tight or scratchy throat, or facial swelling 

  1. Signs of vascular or volume shock  

  1. Respiratory distress: unable to speak, speaking in short bursts of one- or two-word clusters 

  1. Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or difficulty swallowing  

  1. Abnormal mental status 

  1. Generalized skin rash (hives), itching and swelling combined with any of 1-5 above 

  1. Vomiting/diarrhea or nausea combined with any of 1-4 above 

Take care to determine the time interval between exposure and onset of symptoms; most severe anaphylactic reactions occur within 60 minutes. Generally, the faster symptoms begin, the more severe the reaction. 

400

It's Hunting Season! How do you manage this in the field with crews? What are you required to bring in the field with you? 

Using least two hunting vests or orange pack covers per crew. Situated at the front and rear of the hiking group.

While in camp, with the PETT Kit, Kitchen, and/or Tarp Area, and/or with Water Filter crew

400

What are Five lessons that you are teaching within the first 24 hours?    
 
Why are they important?  

Sleeping warm and dry
Hygiene and menstruation
Lightning Drill
Hypothermia
Nutrition and Hydration
Kitchen Safety...?
Layering
BBST
FVC?
...Anything Else...?

500

What does basecamp need if a student leaves the field for a medical reason or a psychosocial reason?

Medical:
- Completed IR 

 - Doctors report Form   

- Early Departure form  
- Soap Note/ Documentation of injury/illness
 
Psychosocial: 

- Completed IR  

- Detailed Timeline of events (student Actions, words, quotes & instructor interventions) [Dates & times]

- Contract (if utilized)  

- Early departure form 

500

What purpose do icebreaker and activities serve in risk management an managing safety? What are three icebreakers/activities that you are planning on doing in your first 48 hours? 

Icebreakers can increase the psychological safety of a team or space as well as help establish a tone for the type of space the facilitator is creating.


Possibly make it easier for participants to feel seen or invited to speak up.

Promote inclusion, or at least create the space where instructors can begin to see early or pre-existing group dynamics. 

500

What purpose does your working relationship serve in managing risk and program quality?  What are things you do during pre-course and in the field to sustain your working relationship?

Understanding each others triggers and excitements

exploring options to reasonably support each others ideas

Give each other treats!

Supporting each others energy management so nobody gets overly exhausted. 


Assessing risk together to create risk management plans.


Training and feedback, getting an alternative perspective.  Training and feedback improve the safety and quality of future courses too!

Focusing on a culture on Improving vs. Proving

500

If anticipating lightning in an area, within the near future (during the travel day). Where are parts of the course area you should avoid taking a crew?
Give three examples.

Tops of peaks, high valleys, large open fields. sides of a rock face!

Cedar Rock, Pilot Mountain, John Rock, Black Balsam, Tennet Mtn, Devils court House 

500
SCENARIO:  You are hiking to camp after rock climbing and you have a student experiencing a Panic Attack! You are about one mile from camp.  How does your team respond?  Where might you find a resource to help you?

Resource Blue Book:
Psychological 1st Aid. Pg 61. Blue Book.


1. Promote a sense of safety – signal that the stressful situation is over/better 

a. Remove the patient from chaos and danger, or chaos and danger from 

the patient; change the scene from one of ongoing threat to one in which 

the threat has passed or considerably reduced 

b. Reflect evidence of safety by explaining that the scene is now safe, 

explain how you know it’s safe and describe what makes it safe

c. Protect the patient from rumor and speculation


2. Promote calming—achieve and model calmness in yourself, then the patient 

a. Take time to regulate yourself first: relax your body language, tone of voice, pace of speech.

b. Encourage even, deep breathing

c. Validate the patient’s response as a normal reaction to a non-normal 

situation

d. Emphasize the present, the practical and the possible


3. Promote self-efficacy and collective efficacy—make rescue participatory 

a. Involve the patient in self-care, problem solving, and rescue operations

b. Recognize and remind patient of their agency, strengths, and abilities

c. Provide opportunities for practical collaboration and teamwork


4. Promote connectedness—emphasize social connection and group relationships 

a. Build and maintain an on-scene relationship

b. Avoid unnecessary isolation from group

c. Help patient connect with friends/family/pets (when possible)


5. Instill hope—things will get better 

a. Reflect specific, accurate, positive facts and predictable, realistic, action oriented next steps

b. Maintain and communicate your own sense of hope and confidence

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