Genetics
Earth and Atmophere
Evolution and Natural Selection
Radioactivity
Calculations Involving Masses
Work and Power
Photosynthesis and Transport in Plants
Electricity
Energy in Reactions
Ecosystems and Cycles
100
What are the structures found in the nucleus of a cell that carry genetic information?
A. Cytoplasm
B. Genes
C. Chromosomes
D. Proteins
C. Chromosomes
100
Which gas makes up approximately 78% of the Earth's atmosphere?
A. Oxygen
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Nitrogen
D. Argon
C. Nitrogen
100
What is the gradual change in the characteristics of a species over many generations called?
A. Variation
B. Adaptation
C. Evolution
D. Mutation
C. Evolution
100
What part of an atom contains protons and neutrons?
A. Electron cloud
B. Nucleus
C. Shell
D. Orbital
B. Nucleus
100
What is the chemical formula for water?
A. CO2
B. O2
C. H2O
D. CH4
C. H2O
100
What is the unit of work done?
A. Watts (W)
B. Joules (J)
C. Newtons (N)
D. Amperes (A)
B. Joules (J)
100
Which gas is a waste product of photosynthesis released by plants?
A. Carbon dioxide
B. Nitrogen
C. Oxygen
D. Water vapour
C. Oxygen
100
What is the unit of electrical current?
A. Volts (V)
B. Ohms (Ω)
C. Amperes (A)
D. Watts (W)
C. Amperes (A)
100
Which type of reaction releases energy into the surroundings, often making them feel warmer?
A. Endothermic
B. Reversible
C. Exothermic
D. Neutralisation
C. Exothermic
100
What is the term for all the living organisms in an area, together with their non-living environment?
A. Community
B. Population
C. Habitat
D. Ecosystem
D. Ecosystem
200
A specific section of DNA that codes for a particular characteristic is called a:
A. Allele
B. Nucleotide
C. Chromosome
D. Gene
D. Gene
200
What is the process by which gases in Earth's atmosphere trap heat, warming the planet?
A. Ozone depletion
B. Greenhouse effect
C. Respiration
D. Photosynthesis
B. Greenhouse effect
200
Who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection?
A. Gregor Mendel
B. James Watson and Francis Crick
C. Charles Darwin
D. Louis Pasteur
C. Charles Darwin
200
Which type of radiation consists of a high-speed electron emitted from the nucleus?
A. Alpha particle
B. Beta particle
C. Gamma ray
D. Neutron
B. Beta particle
200
If you have 2 moles of carbon atoms, and the molar mass of carbon is 12 g/mol, what is the total mass?
A. 6 g
B. 12 g
C. 24 g
D. 2 g
C. 24 g
200
Power is defined as the rate at which what is done?
A. Force is applied
B. Energy is transferred or work is done
C. Distance is covered
D. Velocity changes
B. Energy is transferred or work is done
200
Which part of the plant absorbs light energy for photosynthesis?
A. Roots
B. Stem
C. Flowers
D. Leaves
D. Leaves
200
Which device is used to measure the current flowing through a component in a circuit?
A. Voltmeter
B. Ohmmeter
C. Ammeter
D. Multimeter
C. Ammeter
200
A reaction that absorbs energy from the surroundings, causing a temperature drop, is called:
A. Combustion
B. Exothermic
C. Endothermic
D. Oxidation
C. Endothermic
200
Which process removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
A. Respiration
B. Combustion
C. Photosynthesis
D. Decomposition
C. Photosynthesis
300
If an individual has two different alleles for a particular gene (e.g., Tt for tallness), they are described as:
A. Homozygous dominant
B. Recessive
C. Homozygous recessive
D. Heterozygous
D. Heterozygous
300
Which of the following is a naturally occurring greenhouse gas?
A. Sulfur dioxide
B. Nitrogen
C. Methane
D. Oxygen
C. Methane
300
Which of these provides evidence for evolution by showing the preserved remains or traces of organisms from the past?
A. DNA
B. Fossils
C. Living species
D. Embryos
B. Fossils
300
What is the term for the time it takes for half of the radioactive nuclei in a sample to decay?
A. Half-life
B. Decay constant
C. Activity
D. Geiger count
A. Half-life
300
The relative formula mass (Mr) of CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) is: (Given: C=12, O=16)
A. 28
B. 44
C. 16
D. 32
B. 44
300
If a force of 10 N moves an object by 5 metres in the direction of the force, how much work is done? (Work done = Force x distance)
A. 5 J
B. 50 J
C. 5 W
D. 15 J
B. 50 J
300
The chemical equation for photosynthesis is:
What does 'X' represent in this equation?
A. Carbon monoxide
B. Oxygen
C. Glucose
D. Water
B. Oxygen
300
In a parallel circuit, if one bulb blows, what typically happens to the other bulbs in the circuit?
A. They all go out.
B. They get brighter.
C. They stay lit.
D. They flash on and off.
C. They stay lit.
300
In an exothermic reaction, the chemical energy stored in the products is:
A. Less than the chemical energy stored in the reactants.
B. Equal to the chemical energy stored in the reactants.
C. Greater than the chemical energy stored in the reactants.
D. Unrelated to the energy of the reactants.
A) Less than the chemical energy stored in the reactants.
300
In a food chain, what do organisms that produce their own food (like plants) call themselves?
A. Consumers
B. Decomposers
C. Producers
D. Predators
C. Producers
400
In a genetic cross, if a dominant allele is represented by 'R' and a recessive allele by 'r', what is the phenotype of an individual with the genotype 'Rr'?
A. Recessive trait
B. A mixture of dominant and recessive traits
C. Dominant trait
D. A new intermediate trait
C. Dominant trait
400
Evidence for Earth's early atmosphere suggests it contained very little oxygen. Which process significantly contributed to the increase of oxygen levels over geological time?
A. Volcanic outgassing
B. Respiration by early animals
C. Photosynthesis by primitive algae and plants
D. Combustion of fossil fuels
C. Photosynthesis by primitive algae and plants
400
Natural selection leads to organisms that are better adapted to their environment. What is the ultimate source of the variation within a population that natural selection acts upon?
A. Adaptation
B. Mutation
C. Overproduction of offspring
D. Competition
B) Mutation
400
Which type of radiation is the most penetrating and requires thick lead or concrete for shielding?
A. Alpha radiation
B. Beta radiation
C. Gamma radiation
D. All are equally penetrating
C. Gamma radiation
400
What mass of magnesium oxide (MgO) is produced when 24g of magnesium (Mg) reacts completely with oxygen? (Given: Mg=24, O=16)
Equation: 2Mg+O2→2MgO
A. 24 g
B. 32 g
C. 40 g
D. 80 g
C. 40 g
400
A motor lifts a 200 N weight through a height of 3 metres in 10 seconds. What is the power output of the motor? (P = Work done/time)
A. 600 W
B. 60 W
C. 2000 W
D. 20 W
B. 60 W
400
What is the role of the phloem tissue in a plant?
A. To transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves.
B. To transport sugars (produced during photosynthesis) from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
C. To provide structural support to the plant stem.
D. To absorb light energy for photosynthesis.
B. To transport sugars (produced during photosynthesis) from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
400
Ohm's Law states that Voltage = Current × Resistance (V=IR). If a circuit has a voltage of 12 V and a resistance of 4 Ω, what is the current flowing through it?
A. 48 A
B. 3 A
C. 0.33 A
D. 16 A
B. 3 A
400
Photosynthesis is an example of an endothermic reaction. What form of energy does it absorb from the surroundings?
A. Heat energy
B. Electrical energy
C. Sound energy
D. Light energy
A. Heat energy
400
The nitrogen cycle involves bacteria converting atmospheric nitrogen into forms usable by plants (nitrogen fixation). What role do denitrifying bacteria play in returning nitrogen to the atmosphere?
A. They convert nitrates into ammonia.
B. They convert nitrates back into nitrogen gas.
C. They convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates.
D. They break down proteins in dead organisms.
B. They convert nitrates back into nitrogen gas.
500
Cystic Fibrosis is a genetic disorder caused by a recessive allele. If two heterozygous parents (carriers) have children, what is the probability that one of their children will inherit Cystic Fibrosis?
A. 0%
B. 50%
C. 75%
D. 25%
D. 25%
500
The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has fluctuated naturally over Earth's history, but recent increases are largely attributed to human activities. Which of the following best explains why deforestation contributes to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels?
A. Trees absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, so cutting them down reduces this removal.
B. Trees release large amounts of carbon dioxide as they grow.
C. Deforestation leads to more volcanic eruptions releasing carbon dioxide.
D. The burning of fossil fuels directly causes deforestation.
A. Trees absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, so cutting them down reduces this removal.
500
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a significant issue. Using the principles of natural selection, explain why excessive or incorrect use of antibiotics contributes to the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
A. Antibiotics directly cause beneficial mutations in bacteria, making them resistant.
B. Bacteria learn to adapt to antibiotics over time through conscious effort.
C. Antibiotics strengthen all bacteria, making them harder to kill in the long run.
D. Antibiotics kill off non-resistant bacteria, leaving resistant bacteria to survive and reproduce, passing on their resistance
D. Antibiotics kill off non-resistant bacteria, leaving resistant bacteria to survive and reproduce, passing on their resistance.
500
Radioactive isotopes are used in medical tracers. What two key properties make certain isotopes suitable for this application?
A. They must have a very long half-life and emit highly ionising alpha radiation.
B. They must be easily absorbed by the body and emit high-energy gamma rays to destroy diseased cells.
C. They should have a relatively short half-life and emit weakly ionising radiation (like gamma or beta) that can be detected outside the body.
D. They must be non-radioactive until they reach the target organ
C. They should have a relatively short half-life and emit weakly ionising radiation (like gamma or beta) that can be detected outside the body.
500
What is the relative atomic mass (Ar) of an element? A. The number of electrons in an atom.
B. The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
C. The number of protons in an atom.
D. The mass of an atom relative to 1/12th the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
D. The mass of an atom relative to 1/12th the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
500
A car accelerates from rest. Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between the work done by the engine, the kinetic energy of the car, and the power output of the engine?
A. The work done by the engine increases the car's kinetic energy, and the power is the rate at which this work is done.
B. The engine's power is equal to the car's kinetic energy, regardless of how fast it accelerates.
C. Work is only done when the car is moving at a constant speed.
D. The work done is inversely proportional to the power output of the engine.
A. The work done by the engine increases the car's kinetic energy, and the power is the rate at which this work is done.
500
Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers. Which of the following factors would decrease the rate of transpiration?
A. High light intensity
B. High humidity
C. High temperature
D. Strong wind
B. High humidity
500
Fuses and circuit breakers are safety devices in electrical circuits. How do they protect circuits and appliances from damage?
A. They increase the resistance of the circuit to reduce current flow.
B. They store excess electrical energy to prevent surges.
C. They automatically break the circuit if the current becomes too high, preventing overheating and fires.
D. They convert excess electrical energy into light and sound.
C. They automatically break the circuit if the current becomes too high, preventing overheating and fires.
500
A student mixes two solutions and observes a significant temperature decrease. Which of the following is the most accurate conclusion about this reaction and its energy profile?
A. The reaction is exothermic, and energy is released as heat.
B. The reaction is endothermic, absorbing energy from the surroundings to break bonds.
C. The reaction has a low activation energy, making it very fast.
D. The products have less stored chemical energy than the reactants.
B. The reaction is endothermic, absorbing energy from the surroundings to break bonds. B. The reaction is endothermic, absorbing energy from the surroundings to break bonds.
500
Eutrophication is a process where excess nutrients enter a water body, often leading to algal blooms. Which of the following best describes the sequence of events that can lead to the death of fish in a eutrophied pond?
A. Algal bloom → increased oxygen production → fish thrive.
B. Increased nutrients → algal bloom → decomposition of dead algae by bacteria → oxygen depletion → fish die.
C. Increased nutrients → fish consume algae directly → fish population grows.
D. Algal bloom → reduced light penetration → increased photosynthesis by submerged plants → more oxygen.
B. Increased nutrients → algal bloom → decomposition of dead algae by bacteria → oxygen depletion → fish die.