Literary Devices - Definitions
This literary element describes the author's attitude toward the subject, revealed through word choice and style.
Tone
"The wind whispered through the trees, carrying secrets only the forest could understand."
→ What literary element is being used?
Personification
What is the tone?
The rain hammered against the window like an angry drummer. Inside, Sarah curled into a tight ball, wishing the storm would pass quickly.
Angry, tense, anxious
What is the central idea of this passage?
Lena stood by the window long after the bus had gone, the steam from her tea curling in her hands. She told herself she was happy for her sister, but the ache in her chest said otherwise.
People often experience mixed emotions when saying goodbye to loved ones—joy for others can coexist with personal sadness.
What is the central idea?
In a study of Olympic athletes, researchers found that bronze medalists were often happier than silver medalists. Silver medalists tended to focus on how close they came to gold, while bronze medalists felt grateful just to be on the podium.
Gratitude for what we have can lead to greater happiness than constantly comparing ourselves to others.
This technique shows what a character is like through their actions, thoughts, dialogue, and interactions with others.
Characterization
“He was as brave as a lion when he stood up to the bully.”
Which literary element is this?
Simile
Sunlight poured through the open door, filling the room with warmth and promise. Jake smiled, feeling hope bloom in his chest after a long, hard winter.
→ What is the tone?
Hopeful, warm, or optimistic
What is the central idea of this passage?
The dog showed up on the porch during the storm, soaked and shivering. Jamie brought him in without asking anyone, wrapping the animal in her favorite blanket.
Acts of kindness and empathy often involve taking risks or making sacrifices for others.
What is the central idea?
During the COVID-19 pandemic, countless small businesses had to adapt quickly—offering online services, contactless delivery, or curbside pickup. Those that embraced change often fared better than those that resisted it.
Adaptability and openness to change are key to survival and success during challenging times.
This is a comparison using the words “like” or “as” to show similarities between two unlike things.
Simile
“John always helps his friends, cares about his family, and never gives up, showing he’s a loyal and determined character.”
Characterization
The abandoned house groaned under the weight of years, shadows lurking in every corner. Every creak made Emily’s heart jump, as if the walls themselves were watching.
→ What is the tone?
Eerie, suspenseful, or fearful
What is the central idea?
Each day at the factory was exactly like the one before: same whistle, same clock, same faces. Still, Arturo kept a tiny notebook in his pocket where he wrote songs in secret, and that was his outlet to freedom.
Being creative, even in a boring place, can make you feel free.
What is the central idea?
Jane Goodall began her work with chimpanzees in the 1960s with little formal scientific training, but her passion and persistence earned her worldwide respect. Her story shows that determination can be as important as credentials.
Passion and persistence can lead to success—even in the absence of traditional qualifications.
This literary device gives human traits or actions to non-human things or ideas.
Personification
“The classroom was a zoo, with students shouting and moving everywhere.”
Question: What literary element is this?
Metaphor
The crowd cheered wildly as the final goal scored, a triumphant roar echoing through the stadium. Excitement crackled in the air, contagious and electric.
→ What is the tone?
Excited, triumphant, or energetic
What is the central idea?
As they lowered the canoe into the lake, Ava hesitated. The water was calm, but her mind rushed with memories of last summer's accident.
Past experiences—especially painful ones—can influence our willingness to take new risks or face fears.
What is the central idea?
When asked about failure, inventor Thomas Edison said, “I have not failed. I've just found 10,000 ways that won't work.” His approach reframed failure as a natural and necessary part of innovation.
Failure is not the opposite of success but a necessary step on the path to achievement.
This occurs when there is a contrast between what is expected and what actually happens, often producing surprise or humor.
Irony
The fireman, despite his career, was afraid of fire, and ran out the door when he noticed the flame growing in his kitchen.
Irony
He stared at the letter, the words blurring through his tears. Loss wrapped around him like a heavy cloak, colder than the winter wind outside.
→ What is the tone?
Sad, mournful, or heavy-hearted
What is the central idea?
Grandpa’s stories always started with “Back in my day,” and ended with a lesson Marcus didn’t want but somehow always needed. Even when he rolled his eyes, he listened.
Wisdom from older generations may not be immediately appreciated but often holds valuable lessons.
What is the central idea?
In countries where people walk or bike as part of daily life, obesity and heart disease rates tend to be lower. Movement doesn’t have to come from a gym—daily habits have long-term health effects.
Small, consistent lifestyle choices can significantly impact long-term health and well-being.