Replication
What does it mean when DNA is semiconservative
when replicated you use on original strand and one newly made one
what is Sequences that act as
binding sites for regulatory proteins that affect
transcription rates
regulatory region (slide 15 many terms)
what are groups of three nucleotides
codons
DNA > RNA > protein =
phenotype
explain crispr-cas9
produce special RNA that’s complementary to
the invading DNA
- Specialized protein Cas9 uses the RNA to cut the invading DNA and deactivate it
Because DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the 3′ end, this strand is synthesized discontinuously even though its partner is synthesized smoothly.
lagging strand
what are the three stages of transcription? Explain
initiation, elongation, termination: three steps of transcription include first attaching RNA polymerase to a promoter, then building the RNA strand, and finally releasing the completed mRNA and detaching from the DNA.
what are the four important properties of genetic code. Explain
Redundant: all amino acids coded by more than one codon
Unambiguous: single codon NEVER codes for more than one amino acid
Non-overlapping: reads each separate codon one after another
Conservative: first two bases always identical = less likely to change if mutation in 3rd position
Bond between polypeptide and tRNA is hydrolyzed
polypeptide is released
alteration of a diseased individual’s genes for therapeutic purposes
gene therapy
what enzyme unwinds DNA
helicase
Introns – transcribed but not translated
Exons – coding sequence found in mature
mRNA
*what is splicing
what two rnas are directly involved with translation
mrna and trna
A particular triplet of bases in a sequence of DNA is AAA. The anticodon on the tRNA is what?
AAA
why would PCR be beneficial in criminal forensic science
based off minimal amounts of DNA they can amplify segments of it creating a basis of comparison for suspects
what enzyme creates new strand for DNA
DNA polymerase
what is the RNA modification in eukaryotes that increases stability and lifespan in cytosol
Poly-A tail
“This site on the ribosome is where incoming tRNAs carrying amino acids first attach.”
a site
What enzyme bonds DNA into a plasmid
DNA ligase
Human genome is majority made of
repetitive dna that includes transposable elements and related sequences
Which strand of DNA would base pair with 5'-ATTCAGGCT-3' ?
3'-TAAGTCCGA-5'
what RNA modification is Needed for mRNA to exit nucleus and bind ribosome
capping
“Translation ends when the ribosome reaches one of these sequences that do not code for an amino acid.”
stop codon
Manipulation of organisms or their components to make useful (to humans) products
biotechnology
studying the full protein set (proteome)
encoded by genome
proteomics