Nouns and Adjectives
What are our two "trap" nouns that look feminine but are actually masculine?
Agricola and poeta
What is the first principle part and what is it used for?
first person, singular, present (active, indicative)
Gives us the present and future stem
Conjugate (fill out the chart for) the present tense of possum, posse, potui, -
Sing: possum, potes, potest
Plur: possumus, potestis, possunt
I help the farmer's town.
Agricolae oppidum iuvo.
What is declension?
Declension is how we categorize nouns based them having similar endings.
1st declension (-a) (usually feminine)
2nd declension (-us) (usually masculine)
2nd declension (-um) (usually neuter)
2nd declension (-r) (usually masculine)
2nd declension (-ius) (usually masculine)
How can we tell which conjugation a verb belongs to?
Use the second principle part, the (present) infinitive
-are = first conjugation
-ere (long E) = second conjugation
-ere (short E) = third conjugation
Sum, the Latin being verb, doesn't take an accusative direct object. What construction does it take?
A predicate nominative.
sum acts like and equal sign, so a nominative on one side = a nominative on the other
The boys will be good.
Pueri erunt boni.
Give the dictionary entry of the following noun: castris.
castra, castrorum (n.)
This noun is weird because it only exists in the plural! Usually the dictionary form is [nom. sing.], [gen. sing] (gender)
Describe the difference between the future tense forms of 3rd and 1st/2nd conjugation verbs
3rd conjugation verbs follow the "1 apple and 5 eggs" pattern (am, es, et...)
1st/2nd conjugation verbs have a B in their future forms (e.g. amabo, habebis, iuvabunt, monebimus)
Possum, "to be able" takes a special construction (instead of an accusative direct object). What is it?
(Complementary) infinitive, possum videre = I am able to see
Don't we love bad things?
Amamusne mala?
Remember the -ne for yes/no questions. We don't use -ne for more complex questions like why and where (adverbs cur and ubi)
We also have a substantive adjective!
Decline faber, fabri (m.) - smith.
Sing: faber, faber, fabrum, fabri, fabro
Plur: fabri, fabri, fabros, fabrorum, fabris
Conjugate moneo, monere, monui, monitum in the perfect tense
Sing: monui, monuisti, monuit
Plur. monuimus, monuistis, monuerunt
Conjugate the present tense of sum, the Latin being verb.
Sing: Sum, es, est
Plur: Sumus, estis, sunt
You (plur.) bought the beloved horses.
Amatos equos emistis
Name the cases we've learned and what we use them for in Latin
Nominative - subject, predicate nominative
Vocative - direct address
Accusative - direct object
Genitive - possession
Dative - indirect object
Give two different ways we can translate a perfect passive participle.
"having been verbed"
relative clause "who/which has been verbed"
Adjectival (amatum = beloved, docta = learned, etc.)
What are the four principle parts of the Latin being verb?
sum, esse, fui, futurus
The girl has given letters to my sons.
Puella epistulas meis filiis dedit.