Kingdoms
At this battle in 1066, William of Normandy finally defeated the army of King Harold
The Battle of Hastings
List the three groups that interacted (often violently) with one another in the Crusades
Muslims, Christians, Jews
This English king was forced to give up some of his royal power in 1215
King John
Fleas on rats apparently was the cause for the rapid spread of this disease in the 14th century
The Bubonic Plague
This document guaranteed some certain rights to English people, reducing the power of the monarchy in 1215
Magna Carta
The Anglo-Saxon kingdom of England was conquered by members of this northern kingdom in France.
Normandy
Series of Holy Wars fought between Christians from Europe and Muslims in the Middle East
The Crusades
French peasant girl; helped France win the Hundred Years' War; burned by the English as a witch and heretic
Joan of Arc
Which type of soldier became more prominent during the Hundred Years War against the French knights?
Longbowmen
Another title for English nobles and lords; challenged the king in 1215
Barons
These two kingdoms were at war for more than a century, from 1337-1453, due to land disputes and issues with who should be king
France and England
This city is part of the "Holy Land" and serves as a key location in the history of three different Abrahamic religions
Jerusalem
French nobleman from Normandy who led the conquest of Anglo-Saxon England in 1066
Duke William of Normandy/William the Conqueror/William I of England/Guillaume de Normandy
This group of mounted fighters lost prominence after the Hundred Years' War
Knights
The rise of market towns and cities on trade routes led to a decline in the importance of these places, controlled by lords under feudalism
manors
During the 1200s-1300s, this European kingdom gradually gave more rights to more social groups, through Magna Carta and Model Parliament
England
Who called for the first Crusade to the Holy Land?
The Pope (Urban II)
Tribe originally from central Asia who converted to Islam and founded the Ottoman Empire
Turks
Joan of Arc was a woman who fought for and inspired the soldiers of what kingdom?
France
Difference between trade and barter, generally speaking
Barter is trading without currency
The Turks captured the Byzantine Empire and founded what empire, with the capital of Istanbul (formerly Constantinople)
Ottoman Empire
A person who holds beliefs that are contrary to a set of religious teachings
heretic
Title of the Leader of the Ottoman Empire
Cooling of the climate and famine assisted in the growth of which 14th century European crisis?
Black Death or Bubonic Plague
Europeans who blamed their sins for the Plague, and wanted to punish physically themselves so that God would see their repentance; oftentimes these were monks or other clergymen
Flagellants