The Sky is Falling: Decline in the Late Middle Ages
How old are you? This 17 year old French peasant girl helped unite France and lead them to victory in the Hundred Years' War. Even though she was burned at the stake for heresy, she was eventually declared a state by the Roman Catholic Church.
Who is Joan of Arc?
He was an Italian poet who wrote the "Divine Comedy."
Who is Dante Alighieri?
He painted the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper.
Who is Leonardo da Vinci?
This invention helped books to be made more quickly and cheaply, which spread Renaissance ideas throughout Northern Europe.
He sailed for Spain in order to find a quicker route to India by sailing West in the Atlantic. When he landed in Central America, he thought he was near India.
Who is Christopher Columbus?
Wait...something's off here. This was the approximately 70 year period when the Bishop of Rome, also known as the Pope, lived in France.
What is the Avignon Papacy?
He was the "father of humanism" who taught people to emulate Ancient Roman values. He wrote imaginary letters to Ancient Romans like Cicero in his "Letters to the Ancient Dead."
Who is Petrarch?
He painted the Sistine Chapel and carved the statue of David
Who is Michelangelo?
This Northern Renaissance thinker was known as the "prince of the humanists." He emphasized societal reform starting with a thorough education in classical values. He also argued for religious reform and simple piety over doctrinal controversies.
Who is Erasmus?
Who is Hernan Cotes?
This king of England began the Hundred Years War when he claimed that he was the rightful heir to the French throne.
Who is Edward III?
He was an Italian author who wrote the "Decameron" set in the time of the Black Death. It served as a satirical social commentary.
Who is Boccacio?
He painted the School of Athens.
Who is Raphael?
The most famous humanist in England. He became Chancellor of England under Henry VIII.
Who is Thomas More?
He conquered the Incans in the Andes mountains in South America.
Who is Francisco Pizzaro?
Did I hit my head? I'm seeing two Popes! No Three! This was the time period when the European Church split between loyalty to different Popes that each claimed to be legitimate.
What is the Great (Western) Schism?
He wrote the Prince, which claimed that political rulers ought to think practically and instill fear in their subjects in order to preserve stability.
Who is Machiavelli?
This Florentine family was not only politically powerful but also one of the greatest patrons of the arts at the time of the Renaissance.
Who are the Medicis?
This book by Thomas More told the story of a fictional island where the people were governed by rationality.
What is "Utopia"?
They were the Spanish colonizers who set out to the Americas in order to conquer land and gain wealth and fame.
Who are the conquistadors?
This Pope tried to reassert the power of the papacy when he resisted Philip IV's attempt to tax the French clergy. He wrote the papal bull "Unam Sactam" which claimed that the Pope held authority over all kings.
Who is Boniface VIII?
This Renaissance Latin scholar used textual analysis of the "Donation of Constantine" proved that the document was a forgery. His scholarship helped to strengthen the study of classical languages in the Renaissance.
Who is Lorenzo Valla?
This method in painting helped to make Renaissance paintings look more lifelike and less flat than Medieval art.
What is perspective?
This was the inventor of the moveable type printing press in 1450.
Who is Johannes Gutenburg?
They were the rulers of Spain who united Castile and Aragon under one monarchy. They expelled the Mores from Spain and united their countries under Catholicism. They also sent Columbus on his voyage where he inadvertently discovered the Americas.
Who are Ferdinand and Isabella?