People I
The Italian merchant/explorer who went to China
Marco Polo
The French peasant girl who led the French army in the Hundred Years' War
Joan of Arc
Tribe that took over Jerusalem and persecuted Christian pilgrims, leading (in part) to the Crusades
Seljuk Turks
Capitol city of the Eastern Roman Empire and largest city in Christendom
Constantinople
The war between France and England in the late Middle Ages over land in France
Hundred Years War
King of England, son of Eleanor of Aquitaine, led the 3rd Crusade
Richard the Lionheart
Hero of the Scottish wars for independence in the late Middle Ages
William Wallace
What happened during the 4th Crusade?
Crusaders sacked Constantinople and weakened the Eastern Roman/Byzantine Empire
Tribe that invaded Anatolia and conquered Constantinople
Ottoman Turks
Name ONE reason why the English longbow was superior to traditional bows
It could be used to penetrate armor
It had a much longer range than traditional archery
It was much more accurate than traditional archery
One of the most powerful women of the Middle Ages, Queen of France then later England, mother of two Kings of England
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Founder of Scholasticism
St Thomas Aquinas
Name TWO reasons why the Fourth Crusade was seen as a tragedy for Christendom
Christians were fighting each other, rather than Muslims
Constantinople was sacked by the Latins
The Byzantine Empire was greatly weakened
Young boys taken from the Christian population who were forced to convert to Islam and be soldiers for the Sultan against their own people as part of the Devshirme system
Janissaries
The English document signed in 1215 granting political and legal rights and setting the king under the law
Magna Carta
Muslim general in the Crusades who took Jerusalem from the Crusaders
Saladin
Ottoman Turkish ruler who conquered Constantinople
Mehmed the Conqueror
Name TWO factors in causing the Crusades
Desire for access to trading routes east
Persecution of Christian pilgrims in Muslim lands
Primogeniture
Unemployment
Byzantine losses in Anatolia
The last Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Emperor
Constantine XI
Name TWO causes of the Hundred Years War
Anger over French support of the Scottish
Disputes over English land holdings in France
Rivalry over the wool trade in Flanders
English King who took over Scotland and fought against William Wallace
Edward I
English king who signed the Magna Carta
King John
Name THREE results of the Crusades
Sugar was introduced to western Europeans
The re-integration of Western Europe into the larger economy of the eastern hemisphere
Trade was increased in Western Europe
Cultural exchanges (diffusion)
Fall of Constantinople
Name THREE facts about Greek Fire
It could not be put out with water
It was a combustible liquid
It was used by the Byzantines/Eastern Romans
It was an advantage of the Byzantines/Eastern Romans
Name THREE results of the Hundred Years War
Increase in patriotism/nationalism
Kings gained more power (raise standing armies)
Nobles lost power (cannot raise standing armies)
Beginning of the end for feudalism (loyalty to kings)
End of Knights as military force (standing armies rather than feudal obligations)