Who
What
Who Else
Whom
What Else
100
A family, made wealthy by starting a banking industry in Florence, who used their wealth to turn Florence into Italy's most artistic city and were major patrons to the arts during the renaissance.
Medici Family
100
Name this painting and who it depicts. 
12 disciples (4 groups of 3)
* Jesus in the center
* Does not reveal traitor
* Great sense of order
* Central perspectives, all lines converge, towards Christ
* Sense of symmetry (6 men)
* Linear perspectives created depth and extend space (3D)
100
She was 37 - she needed to marry soon if she wanted children; if she died childless the protestant Elizabeth would become queen- She was England's first female monarch and needed to marry quickly in order to strengthen her defences and secure her reign - She was strictly Catholic contrasting to the Protestant England - she saw herself as having a divine purpose which was to return England to its true faith.
Mary I
100
Spanish descendants of a noble line, originally from Valencia, Spain, that established roots in Italy and became prominent in ecclesiastical and political affairs in the 1400s and 1500s. The house of the _________produced two popes and many other political and church leaders. Some members of the family became known for their treachery.
Borgia Family
100
A powerful weapon; 6 feet long; essential to the victory of the English in the Hundred Years' War; longbow could shoot six arrows in the time a French archer could shoot one; pierced all but the heaviest armor.
English Longbow
200
Holy Roman Emperor and Carlos I of Spain, tried to keep Europe religiously united, allied with the pope to stamp out heresy and maintain religious unity in Europe. He sought to stop Protestantism and increase the power of Catholicism.
He divided his empire to his brother Ferdinand (Austria, and HRE) and his son Philip II (Spain, Spanish Netherlands, and American Colonies)
Charles V
200
What was a collection of 63 clauses or statements about the rights of the barons, ordinary people, and the limits of the power of the king?
Magna Carta
200
Catholic relative to Protestant Queen Elizabeth I of England. She allegedly plotted with Spain's Philip II to overthrow Elizabeth and reassert Catholicism in England. Elizabeth had executed her.
Mary Queen of Scots
200
Dutch Humanist and friend of Sir Thomas More. Perhaps the most intellectual man in Europe and widely respected. Believed the problems in the Catholic Church could be fixed; did not support the idea of a Reformation. Wrote Praise of Folly.
Dutch religious scholar who called for the translation of the Bible into the vernacular (local languages)
Erasmus
200
The process of being kicked out of a church
excommunication
300
He wanted to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, with whom he had a daughter, Mary. Since he needed a male heir, he wanted to marry Anne Boleyn in hopes of having a son. He turned to England's church courts to annul, or declare his marriage invalid. In 1534, at Henry's request, Parliament finalized the break of the Catholic Church in England. During the same time, the Act of Supremacy declared the king "the only supreme head on earth of the [new] Church of England". This significant act help separate England from the church.
He started the ANGLICAN church (church of England)
King Henry VIII
300
A depiction of the body of Jesus on the lap of his mother after the crucifixion.
— The ______ shows Virgin Mary holding the dead body of Christ in her lap following his crucifixion, just before he was put in the tomb.
Pietà, by Michelangelo
300
He was nine years old when he inherited the crown?
Edward VI
300
Threatened with arrest by the Catholic authorities, Luther was protected by
Frederick the Wise of Saxony
300
Byzantine weapon consisting of mixture of chemicals (petroleum, quicklime, sulfur) that ignited when exposed to water; utilized to drive back Arab fleets that attacked Constantinople
Greek Fire
400
A member of the Protestant church founded on the teachings of Martin Luther (Renaissance, Reformation, Exploration)
Lutherans
400
Shows _______ just before the fight with Goliath
- reminiscent of classical marble sculpture.
David
400
King of Spain from 1556 to 1598. Inherited Spain and the Spanish Netherlands, and American Colonies from his father Charles V, later took Portugal and its holdings to the east.
-An absolute monarch who helped lead the Counter-Reformation by persecuting Protestants in his holdings. Also sent the Spanish Armada against England.
Philip II
400
A royal German family, one of the principal sovereign dynasties of Europe from the 15th to the 20th century. Ruled Austria for nearly 650 years.
Habsburgs
400
An oblong block of red sandstone that has been used for centuries in the coronation of the monarchs of Scotland
Stone of Scone
500
Forced to flee France after his conversion to Protestantism because France was so Catholic. He agreed with Luther that faith alone was enough to achieve salvation. As well as this idea, he also placed much emphasis on the all-powerful nature of God. This led him to his idea of predestination.
John Calvin
500
Radically following Jesus' example and simple commands in the Bible. They baptized only adults who were old enough to be Christians.
Anabaptists
500
One of the first reformers in the Catholic Church was Ignatius Loyola who formed the Society of Jesus in 1540
Members of the Society of Jesus were called_______.
They formed schools to better educate Catholic priests, they tried to stop the spread of Protestantism and sent missionaries around the world to convert non-Christians to Catholicism
Jesuits
500
A major power in Northern Europe from the 13th through the 17th centuries which consisted of around one hundred towns at its peak.
They controlled trade in the Baltic and North Seas.
- It was an economic rather than political organization that worked to ensure peace and stability in order to encourage successful trade.
Hanseatic League
500
Signed on October 24, 1648, officially marked the end of The Thirty Year's War.
The Treaty of Westphalia