One of 2 groups that were at the bottom of Latin America's social hierarchy
What is Indians (Native Americans) or Africans
100
This man was crowned Emperor of France in 1804. In an attempt to control all of Europe, he put family/friends in charge of territory he conquered.
What is NAPOLEON (Ex. brother Joseph/Spain)
100
Spanish colonies were run by Council of the Indies (appointed by king) who told the viceroys (officials in colonies of Spain) what to do. This is an example a major cause of Latin America revolution.
What is Problem in the Spanish Empire
100
Latin America mainly exported "cash crops" & raw materials, while importing manufactured goods. This is an example of what type of effect.
What is ECONOMIC
200
One of two groups of people that are mixed w/European blood
What is MULLATTO (African + European) & MESTIZO ("Indian" & European")
200
This person learned to read when it was illegal. S/hewas instrumental in Haiti becoming independent
Who is Toussaint L'Ouverture
200
This is an economic system based on private ownership & investment of resources , such as $, for profit.
What is CAPITALISM (pp. 573)
200
Between 1789 & 1810, Latin America was influenced by ideas that stated:
-Gov't is based on contract b/t ruler & the ruled
-Gov't protects its citizens natural rights (life, liberty, property)
-Citizens have right to revolt if Gov't violates natural rights
What is ENLIGHTENMENT
200
By 1830, nearly all of Latin America countries were ruled by caudillos (political-military leaders) b/c the upper class supported dictatorship to keep lower class out of power. This is an example of what kind of effect.
What is POLITICAL (Ex. Caudillos-Political Military Leaders)
300
This group of people are a mix of "Indian" & European blood
What is MESTIZO
300
A wealthy (Creole) military general who wanted to unite Latin America. He liberated Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, & Bolivia.
Who is Simon Bolivar
300
These two countries held the largest colonial empires in Latin America in 1800.
What is SPAIN & PORTUGAL
300
This revolution of Latin Americas northern neighbor showed that colonies could be successful in overthrowing more powerful mother countries.
What is THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
300
The Monroe Doctrine (1823) stated the American continents can not be considered further subjects of colonization. This is an example of what EFFECT.
What is INTERNATIONAL
400
These people are of "pure" European blood but born in the new world
What is CREOLE
400
A Creole officer, born in Argentina, & had trained European armies. Liberated Argentina from Spanish control, but felt only a monarchy would work.
Who is Jose de San Martin
400
This poor & well educated person took the 1st step to Mexico independence, marching towards Mexico city w/80,000 men & was defeated in 1811 by the Spanish army & Creoles.
Who is Miguel Hidalgo
400
1804 Napoleon crowns himself emperor.1810 appoints brother Joseph on throne of Spain & royal family flees. This is an example of what revolution.
What is THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
400
Before the revolution Spaniards were at the top of the social ladder, followed by Creoles, & the rest of the population at the bottom. After revolution, which group was at the top?
What is CREOLES (everyone else at bottom).
500
This group of people are from Spain & live in Latin America
What is PENINSULARES (b/c Iberian peninsula)
500
Priest (Mestizo), successful general who established a congress, created declaration of rights, abolished slavery, & declared equality of the classes
Who is JOSE MORELOS
500
The global transfer of foods, plants, & animals during the colonization of the Americas.
The Colombian Exchange (Ex. ships from Americas to the rest of the world brought potatoes & Europeans introduced horses)
500
The 4 major causes of Latin American revolution are
What is 1) Problems of Spanish Empire 2) The Enlightenment 3) The American Revolution 4) The French Revolution
500
This person had hoped to establish a new order where Latin American countries would be free. Dissappointed, his last words were this.
"America is ungovernable for us. He who serves a revolution plows the sea."