Chavin
Early Horizon, 500-200 BCE
What time period was Chavin?
Early Intermediate Period, 100-800 CE
What time period was Nasca?
Early Intermediate Period, 50-800 CE
What time period was Moche?
Middle Horizon, 300-1000 CE
What time period was Tiwanaku?
Middle Horizon, 450-1000 CE
What time period was Wari?
Highlands in Northern Peru, Chavin de Huantar
Where was Chavin and what is the main site?
Geoglyphs consisting of depictions of natural life, appealing to the spiritual world, suggesting necessity of water
What are the Nasca Lines?
A theocratic society with sacred, religious sites
What kind of society was the Moche?
Tiwanaku's principal diety, visual representation of temple pyramid, face has rays coming off
What is the Rayed being?
Militaristic, greater control over the environment because of large political organization, enclosed capital city
What are characteristics of Wari government?
When two opposing forces balance one another in harmony
What is duality?
What are the techniques of Nasca ceramics?
A characteristic figure in Moche visual culture, symbolizes ritual sacrifice and offering blood to the gods
What is The Decapitator?
Representation of hallucination and anthropomorphic shifting, range of ethnic groups that Tiwanaku had power over, shows linking of political power
What do tenon heads represent in Tiwanaku art?
Saliva fermented corn beer, connection to ritual practices, often drank before working in fields and at celebrations
What is Chicha?
Standing relief, incised carving, eyes looking upward, mix of human and animal features, split representation, and duality
What are characteristics of the Lanzon Stela?
bold design, black contour lines, strong colors, patterns, increasing complexity of iconography
What is characteristic of Nasca art?
A ritual knife used for decapitation, specific for religious ritual activity
What is a tumi?
Gateways, symbolizing spiritual enlightenment
What is the most important visual reference of Tiwanaku?
Wari's most important figures, multiplied, features split eye and window pane teeth
What are staff bearers?
Eaten by Shamans to fall into hallucinogenic trance
What is the purpose of the San Pedro Cactus?
What are trophy heads?
Primarily reds and creams, contour lines and fine-line drawings, naturalistic but deeply spiritual, stirrup-spout vessel, portrait vessels
What are characteristics of Moche ceramics?
Separating 3D objects from 2D objects to represent the human vs spiritual world
What is iconic dimension?
Abstraction through color blocking and visual distortion, extremely esoteric, more secular subject matter
What is characteristic of Wari art?