Social Classes
They were at the bottom of the social hierarchy, and considered property under colonial law.
Who are African Slaves?
The labor system established by the Spanish crown giving property rights over people to a Spanish landowner.
What is the Encomienda System?
He was the most prominent leader of the Haitian Revolution, and is known as "the Father of Haiti".
Who was Toussaint Louverture?
The independence movement for this country was led by mulattoes and slaves, in a bloody revolt against their French colonizers.
What is Haiti?
This country gained its independence from Spain at the end of the Spanish American war, becoming a territory of the United States (it still is today)
What is Puerto Rico?
The group which held the most power under the encomienda system.
Who are the Peninsulares?
The influential ideas of this era in Europe inspired the people of Latin America to seek their individual rights and independence.
What is the Enlightenment?
In 1810, this creole priest made the first public call for Mexican independence and led a rebellion urging peasants to fight against Spanish rule.
Who was Father Hidalgo?
Two creole priests led the first two rebellions for independence of this country from Spanish rule.
What is Mexico?
He was one of the most notable advocates for the indigenous people and against the Encomienda System.
Who was Bartolomé de Las Casas?
Making up 7% of the population, they were of mixed Spanish and indigenous heritage.
Who are the Mestizos?
The encomienda system was directly responsible for a sharp decline of this population in Spanish Colonial America.
Who were the native or indigenous people?
Known as "the Liberator", he was the most influential leader in the South American independence movement.
Who was Simón Bolívar?
This country became independent by declaration, avoiding a bloody conflict.
What is Brazil?
This country's struggle for freedom from Spanish rule drew the United States into the Spanish American war.
What is Cuba?
They made up the largest percentage of the population of colonial Latin America.
Who were the natives or indigenous people?
These two foreign revolutions were used as inspiration for the Latin American independence movements.
What were the American and French Revolutions?
In 1821, he helped Mexico gain its independence from Spain, and became its first emperor.
Who was Agustín Iturbide?
Simón Bolívar gained independence for several South American countries, including his native Venezuela, Ecuador, Panama, Bolivia, Peru and this country on the northern coast of South America.
What is Colombia?
Slavery in Latin America declined immediately after the independence movements and was abolished in all Latin American countries by 1850, except for these two countries:
What are Brazil and Cuba?
They were "Americans by birth and Europeans by Law".
Who were the Creoles, or criollos?
His conquest of Spain and Portugal severely weakened their power over their colonies in Latin America and provided the opening for the independence movements.
Who was Napoleon Bonaparte?
In 1821, this prince of Portugal declared Brazil independent, and became its first emperor.
Who was Pedro I?
José de San Martín fought for independence in southern South America, liberating his native Argentina and this other country.
What is Chile?
This sensationalist style of reporting heavily influenced United States citizens' sympathy for the Cuban rebels and anger at the Spanish for their cruel treatment of the Cuban people.
What is yellow journalism?