Grammar Terms
masculine, feminine, neuter
gender
the main form of the verb that is not conjugated
infinitive
ramus
branch
Corneliam puella petit.
The girl looks for (seeks) Cornelia.
the sun god who has the same name in Greek
Apollo
pueri defessi
puer defessus
I love, you love, he loves
amo, amas, amat
the case that refers to nouns/adjectives used as subjects
nominative case
a verb that DOES have a direct object
transitive verb
nuntius
messenger
Flavia amicam vicinam amat.
Flavia loves the/her neighboring friend.
the goddess of the moon (Artemis in Greek) whose twin brother is the god of the sun
Diana
amica laeta
amicae laetae
we love, you love, they love
amamus, amatis, amant
the case that refers to nouns/adjectives used as direct objects
accusative case
a verb that has a complement
linking verb
epistulae
letters
Arborem ascendere vult.
He/she wants to climb a tree.
the blacksmith god (Hephaestus in Greek) with a physical deformity
Vulcan
nuntii strenui
nuntius strenuus
I call, you call, he calls
voco, vocas, vocat
verbs have these three characteristics
person, number, tense
two verbs working together to express one thought (i.e. a conjugated verb and an infinitive)
double verb structure
arbores
trees
Clamores patres audiunt.
The fathers hear the shouts/shouting.
the god of war whose Greek name is Ares
Mars
puellam ignavam
puellas ignavas
we call
vocamus
When we put verbs in the 1st, 2nd, or 3rd person, we _________________ them.
conjugate
When a word has to match another word in the structure, this is called making _________________ (e.g. a singular subject takes a singular verb, a feminine plural noun is modified by a feminine plural adjective, etc.)
hortus
garden
Senatores princeps revocat.
The emperor recalls the senators.
god of the underworld whose Greek name is Hades
Pluto
magnae voces
magna vox
I am, you are, he is
sum, es, est
a verb that does not have a direct object
intransitive verb
whether a noun is a subject or object
case
deus
god
Quem nuntius petit?
Whom does the messenger seek?
goddess of wisdom whose Greek name is Athena
Minerva
magnas voces
magnam vocem
they are
sunt
a group of nouns that take the same endings
declension
two verbs working togehter to express one thought (e.g. Marcus dormire vult)
double verb structure
tempus
time
Tu matrem adiuvare paras.
You prepare/get ready to help your mother.
the goddess of the harvest whose Greek name is Demeter
Ceres
servos molestos
servum molestum
I am seeking Cornelius.
Cornelium peto.
the group of nouns that includes masculine and feminine nouns
third declension
In a double verb structure, the non-conjugated verb is called a __________ ______________.
complementary infinitive
piscina
fish pond
Puellae Marcum laetae excipiunt.
The girls happily welcome Marcus.
the messenger god who has wings on his helmet and sandals; his Greek name is Hermes
Mercury
matrem laetam
matres laetas
They love Cornelia.
Corneliam amant.