Oratio Obliqua - General
Oratio Obliqua - Homework-based
Gerunds/Gerundives/Supines
Conditionals
Indefinites
100
Draw a chart/table that explains sequence of tenses.
100
Translate "Can any one endure this? Ought we to abandon this great undertaking?" into Latin in ORATIO OBLIQUA.
Ecquem haec tolerare posse? Num se tanto illo incepto desistere debere?
100
How do gerunds/gerundives/supines offer an alternative to PURPOSE or FINAL CLAUSES?
1. ad + accusative of gerund or gerundive. EX: Ad consultandum hoc venimus. / We have come here to deliberate. 2. supine in accusative, used w/a verb of motion, to express the purpose of that motion. EX: Pacem nos flagitatum venerunt. / They have come to importune us for peace.
100
When a Conditional Statement forms part of ORATIO OBLIQUA in dependence on a verb of “saying”, what happens to the main sentence and what happens to the subordinate conditional clause?
(i) the main sentence becomes a dependent statement in the accusative and infinitive construction (ii) the verb of the subordinate conditional clause, no matter whether the sentence is of Type I, II, or III, is subjunctive.
100
Translate: N¡ quis aedes intret, ianuam claudimus.
We shut the door to prevent any one from entering the house.
200
Deliberative questions in Oratio obliqua have verbs in the ____________________.
Subjunctive
200
Translate into Latin and into ORATIO OBLIQUA: Do not delay then; a few soldiers will suffice.
'Ne igitur cunctarentur: paucos milites satis fore.'
200
Translate into Latin: He gave them lands to dwell in.
Agros eis habitandos dedit. (After some verbs, such as do, curo, trado, the gerundive is used predicatively in agreement with the object to indicate that something is caused to be done.)
200
Translate into Latin and oratio obliqua. 'If I do this, I err.' 'If I did this, I erred.'
(dicit): s¡ se hoc faciat, errare. (dicit): s¡ se hoc fecerit, erravisse.
200
Translate: Negant s¡ cuiusquam imperio esse obtemperaturos.
"They refuse to obey any one’s command."
300
_____________ questions (i.e. those that do not expect an answer) are expressed by the accusative and infinitive.
'Rhetorical'
300
Translate into Latin and into oratio obliqua: "We have no other allies anywhere, no other hopes; whither can we turn if you should abandon us?"
Nullos sibi usquam alios esse socios, spem nullam aliam. Quo se posse se vertere, si illi se deserturi essent?
300
Translate into Latin: What sort of a way is this of blocking up the roads?
Qui hic mos obsidendi vias? (The genitive of the gerund and gerundive is frequently used with nouns and adjectives in an objective (300) or in an appositional sense (304), and in dependence on caus§ and gratia.)
300
Translate into English. Deleri totus exercitus potuit, si fugientes persecuti victores essent. Extra points if you can comment on the verbal mood.
The whole army might have been destroyed, if the victors had pursued the fugitives (which they did not do). The reason for such apparent exceptions to the general rule is that what is contrary to fact (see 457) is not the possibility or the obligation, but the fulfilment of deleri. The verb debebas superimposes upon the contrary to fact deletus esset a statement of a possibility or obligation which is in no way conditioned by the protasis; and it is this statement alone which finds expression in such sentences.
300
Translate into Latin. "Tomorrow you may say whatever you like."
"Cras tibi quodcumque vol¡s dicere licebit." [Quicumque, quisquis, “whoever,” are indefinite relatives, and as such introduce clauses whose verb is indicative, unless there is some particular reason for the subjunctive.]
400
Translate into oratio recta in Latin AND English. N¡ cunctarentur; n¡ despiceret.
'Nolite cunctari; n¡ despexeris.' 'Don't delay; don't relax attention.'
400
Translate into Latin and into ORATIO OBLIQUA: But if you wish for our safety, you must away* with all niceties of argument**; it is haste, not deliberation, that is needed.
Quod si illi se salvos vellent, pellendas esse omnes disserendi argutias; properato non consulto opus esse.
400
Translate into Latin using a supine: It is sacrilege to say that such an old age was wretched.
Nefas est dictu talem senectutem miseram fuisse.
400
Translate: Sive adhibueris medicum, sive non adhibueris, convalesces.
You will get well, whether you call in a physician or not. [Sive (seu) “or if” introduces two or more alternative conditions which have a common apodosis.]
400
Translate and comment on the following sentence: "Quo quis versutior, eo suspectior est."
"The more shrewd a man (any one) is, the more is he suspected." -indefinite pronoun quis in masculine nominative as subject -quo... eo = correlatives in ablative expressing degree with -comparative (nom. sing. masc.) adjectives modifying 'quis'
500
Explain 'repraesentatio.'
After a past verb of “saying,” the exclusive use of imperfect and pluperfect subjunctives is grammatically correct, and conforms to the practice of Cicero. But (in Livy especially, and Caesar) a present subjunctive is frequently used (instead of an imperfect) when the oratio recta (direct discourse) had a present indicative, and a perfect subjunctive (instead of a pluperfect) when the oratio recta (direct discourse) had a perfect indicative. This usage, which gives a greater liveliness to the reported speech by retaining at least the tenses used by the speaker, is called repraesentatio.
500
Translate into Latin and into oratio obliqua. What are you doing? what are you wishing for? Are you waiting till the enemy is at hand, till you hear their shouts, till you see their standards?
Quid facerent? quid vellent? Num exspectarent dum adessent hostes, dum clamores illorum audirent, viderent signa?
500
Translate into Latin, using the accusative supine: The rumour came that a show of gladiators* was going to be given. *Use gladiatores. Extra points if you can ALSO translate it a second way using: the future active infinitive fore with a dependent clause containing a passive subjunctive.
Rumor venit datum iri gladiatores. Rumor venit fore ut gladiatores darentur.
500
Translate into Latin and describe the kind of clause you are using. Let him remain provided (on condition that) he obeys me.
Ita maneat, ut mihi pareat. The English “on condition that” generally introduces, not a conditional clause, but a clause of proviso or a restrictive clause.
500
Translate and comment on the use of indefinites: Vetat lex ullam rem esse cuiusquam qui legibus parere nolit.
"The law forbids that anything should belong to any one who refuses to obey the laws." (i) Quisquam (pronoun) and ullus (adjective) “any at all,” are used after a negative particle (nec, vix, etc.), or a verb of “denying, forbidding, preventing,” or in a question, or in a si-clause where a negative is implied.
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