The case files
This case is used for the subject of the sentence (e.g., Hilda in Hilda in Italia est).
What is the Nominative?
$100: These are the three singular forms of the verb "to be" (sum, es, est).
What are "I am, you are, he/she/it is"?
$100: In Latin, nouns ending in -a are almost always this gender.
What is Feminine?
$100: These are the Latin words for "I" and "You" (singular).
Answer: What are "ego" and "tu"?
$100: This common word means both "war" and "beautiful" depending on the context.
Answer: What is "bellum"?
If you want to show possession, like "the father of the sons," you would use this case
What is the Genitive?
To ask a question in Latin, you add this suffix to the end of the first word.
What is -ne?
$200: This is the plural form of the masculine noun ending -us (e.g., amicus becomes...).
Answer: What is -i? (amici)
$200: This relative pronoun refers to a singular feminine noun.
Answer: What is "quae"?
$200: This celestial vocabulary word gives us the English derivatives "ocular" and "binocular".
Answer: What is "oculus"?
This is the case of giving; it is used for indirect objects.
What is the Dative?
This verb ending indicates that "they" are performing the action (e.g., amant, pugnant).
What is -nt?
The acronym "P.A.I.N." (Poeta, Agricola, Incola, Nauta) helps students remember nouns that have feminine endings but are actually this gender.
Answer: What is Masculine?
$300: Latin uses these specific demonstrative pronouns to mean "this" and "that".
What are "hic" and "ille"?
$300: In the creation story, God says "Fiat lux," which translates to this.
Answer: What is "Let there be light"?
Direct objects, like the "sky" in "God created the sky," always take this case
What is the Accusative?
By changing a verb's ending to -r, -ris, or -tur, the verb becomes this "voice".
What is the Passive Voice?
Most Latin nouns belong to this declension, which is known for its "misbehavior" in the nominative case.
What is the 3rd Declension?
$400: If you see the suffix -dem added to a pronoun (like eadem), it means this English word.
Answer: What is "same"?
$400: These two words are used to distinguish between actions happening "in the day" and "at night".
Answer: What are "in die" and "in nocte"?
This "catch-all" case is used with many prepositions and to show where something is located.
What is the Ablative?
To give a command to a group of people, you typically add this suffix to the verb stem.
What is -te?
$500: This is the neuter plural ending for both the 2nd and 3rd declensions.
Answer: What is -a?
These are the three 1st-person plural pronouns meaning "of us," "to/for us," and "us".
What are "nostrum, nobis, nos"?
$500: Translate these three common animals found in Lesson 21: oves, boves, et asinos.
Answer: What are sheep, cows, and donkeys?