Key Figures
Founded the United Farm Workers (UFW) with Dolores Huerta, also led the Delano Grap strike (1965-1970).
Who was Ceasar Chavez?
The Court case that ruled that Mexican Americans are protected under the 14th Amendment's equal protection clause. Ended the exclusion of Mexican Americans from Juries.
What was Hernandez v. Texas (1954)?
Required bilingual ballots and voting materials in areas with large non-English-speaking populations. Helped increase Latino political participation.
What was Voting Rights Act Amendments (1975)?
Established Viva ______ Clubs, grass roots organization. Which, rallied and mobilized Latino voters, promoted civil rights and Hispanic Americans advocacy and appointments. Also, Appointed Raymond L. Telles for American ambassador, the first Mexican American ambassador.
Who was John F. Kennedy?
Founded in 1929, one of the oldest Latino Advocacy groups, fought for the advancements of conditions and civil rights for Hispanic Americans
What is the League of United Latin American Citizens(LULAC)?
Known for the slogan "Si, se puede" and advocating for both Women's and Workers rights.
Who is Dolores Huerta?
The court case that guaranteed equal access to public education for all children in the U.S., regardless of immigration status.
What was Plyler v. Doe (1982)?
Honored labor leader César Chávez and the farmworker movement. Acknowledged contributions of Latino activists in labor rights and civil rights.
What was the official recognition of César Chávez Day (Official Recognition in CA, 1994).
Laid the groundwork for NAFTA, which created jobs for the Hispanic Community. Also signed the Executive Order 12729 (9/24/1990), which established the President’s Advisory Commission on Educational Excellence for Hispanic Americans.
Who was Bush Sr.?
Founded in 1968, to combat the poverty facing Mexican Americans this organization held a nonpartisan approach to focus on Latino political representation.
What is the National Council of La Raza (NCLR)?
One of the "Four Horsemen" of the Chicano Movement and founded the La Raza Unida Party (LRUP).
Who is Jose Angel Gutiérrez?
The Brown v. Board of the Latino Civil rights movement, sued California School districts for segregating their schools.
What was Mendez v. Westminster (1946).
Legalized millions of undocumented immigrants who had lived in the U.S. since before 1982. However, it penalized employers for knowingly hiring undocumented workers, impacting Latino communities.
What was the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA, 1986)?
Finalized NAFTA negotiations in 1994, completing Bush Sr.’s negotiations between the U.S., Mexico, and Canada. Also, Supported the 1996 Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA)
Who is Bill Clinton?
Founded in 1970, this party wanted to improve political representation of Mexican Americans in South Texas. The party was heavily influenced by Chicano activism in the late 1960s. Marked a major milestone as Mexican Americans could organize independently for office.
What is the LA Raza Unida Party?
Known for his poem “I Am Joaquín”, a significant text in the Chicano movement as well as organizing the National Chicano Youth Liberation Conference.
Who was Rudolfo ‘Corky’ Gonzales?
The court case that prompted the first mobilizations for the Latino Civil Rights movement, where a Latino youth was wrongfully convicted of murder.
What was People v. Zammmora?
Required schools to take action against language barriers in education. Supported Latino students in accessing fair educational opportunities.
What was the Equal Educational Opportunities Act (1974)?
Created the Office of Hispanic Affairs (1977) and Appointed many Hispanic officials to federal positions.
Who was Jimmy Carter?
Led by César Chávez, Dolores Huerta, and the United Farm Workers (UFW) to demand better pay and working conditions for farmworkers. The strikes gained national solidarity and became a symbol of Latino labor rights.
What were the Delano Grape Strikes?
Known for his book, Among the Valiant, which documents the Mexican American soldier's contributions to WWII and the Korean War. Also, Fought for Mexican American Veterans recognition of service and benefits.
Who was Raúl Morín?
Protected Salvadoran refugees’ rights during the Salvadoran Civil War; stopped forced “voluntary” deportations. The case set legal standards for humane asylum procedures and fair treatment of Central American immigrants.
What was Orantes-Hernandez v. Smith (1982)?
Created by Bill Clinton, it supported lawful immigration but gave harsh punishments to illegal immigration. Overall, federal government had more restricted immigration laws and stricter immigration enforcement.
What was the 1996 Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA)?
Signed the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986. As well as Establishing the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 and Free market, which advocated for Hispanic entrepreneurship.
Who was Ronald Reagan?
Mexican-American Civil rights empowerment movement from the 1960s-1970s that fought against systemic inequality and discrimination. The movement heavily focused on issues such as Worker's rights, education reform and political equality.
What was the Chicano Movement?