Washington and the Early Gov.
his act of Congress established the federal court system, including a Supreme Court with one chief justice and five associate justices
What is the Judiciary Act of 1789?
This political party, led by Alexander Hamilton, favored a strong central government, a loose interpretation of the Constitution, and an economy based on commerce and industry.
What are the Federalists?
This 1795 treaty with Spain (also known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo) gave Americans shipping rights on the Mississippi River and access to the port of New Orleans.
What is Pinckney’s Treaty?
n this landmark 1803 Supreme Court case, Chief Justice John Marshall established the principle of judicial review.
What is Marbury v. Madison?
This British practice of seizing American ships and forcing American sailors to serve in the British Navy was a primary grievance leading up to the war.
What is impressment?
Washington's original executive cabinet consisted of these three department heads: Thomas Jefferson (State), Henry Knox (War), and this man who led the Treasury.
Who is Alexander Hamilton?
This political party, led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, favored strong state powers and an economy based on farming.
What are the Democratic-Republicans (or Republicans)?
During John Adams' presidency, three low-level French officials demanded a $250,000 bribe just to speak with the French foreign minister, sparking an undeclared naval war known by this name.
What is the XYZ Affair?
President Jefferson doubled the size of the United States in 1803 by purchasing this vast territory from Napoleon for $15 million.
What is the Louisiana Territory (The Louisiana Purchase)?
Outraged by British interference, aggressive young congressmen like John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay earned this nickname for pushing the country into war.
Who are the War Hawks?
This 1794 uprising of Pennsylvania farmers protesting a tax on corn-distilled spirits was forcefully put down by 15,000 militiamen, proving the strength of the new federal government.
What is the Whiskey Rebellion?
To win Southern support for his national debt-assumption plan, Hamilton agreed to move the nation's permanent capital to this southern location.
What is the District of Columbia (between Maryland and Virginia)?
Passed by Federalists out of fear of French influence, these acts raised citizenship requirements to 14 years and allowed the government to jail or deport critics.
What are the Alien and Sedition Acts?
These two explorers were chosen by Jefferson to lead the "Corps of Discovery" from St. Louis to the Pacific Coast.
Who are Meriwether Lewis and William Clark?
During the conflict in 1814, British troops invaded Washington D.C. and burned down this famous presidential building.
What is the White House?
In his Farewell Address, Washington warned the young nation to "steer clear" of this specific foreign entanglement
What are permanent alliances?
Opponents of Hamilton’s National Bank argued it was unconstitutional because they practiced this type of strict reading of the Constitution.
What is a strict interpretation?
Written in secret response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions introduced this theory, stating that states could declare unconstitutional federal laws void.
What is nullification?
This Shoshone woman served as a crucial guide and interpreter for the Lewis and Clark expedition.
Who is Sacajawea?
This future president became a national hero after defeating the British at the Battle of New Orleans—ironically fought after a peace treaty had already been signed.
Who is Andrew Jackson?
Negotiated by Chief Justice John Jay, this 1794 treaty avoided war with Britain by evacuating western forts, but angered the public by allowing Britain to continue this specific trade on the Canadian border.
What is the fur trade?
This faction, led by Jefferson, firmly opposed Hamilton's financial program and instead envisioned an American economy centered entirely on this occupation.
What is farming (or agriculture)?
This 1807 act banned all foreign exports to punish Britain and France, but ended up hurting the American economy far more.
What is the Embargo Act of 1807?
Napoleon sold Louisiana to the U.S. mainly because his forces failed to stop a slave revolt in this colony, destroying his dream of an American empire.
What is Saint Domingue (Haiti)?
The Treaty of Ghent ended the War of 1812 as this type of ceasefire agreement where no territory changed hands.
What is an armistice?