History of Laws
Not a law, but identifies many human rights and principles that inform our laws today.
What is The Declaration of Independence?
Punishment for crimes, enforced by government.
What are criminal laws?
Judicial review, court had the power to review past cases, and showed the court's importance.
What is Marbury vs Madison?
Segregation, equal protection; desegregation of schools.
What is Brown vs Board of Education?
Transforms criminals into law-abiding citizens.
What is rehabilitation?
The very first code of laws.
What is Hammurabi's Code?
Disputes between individuals or private parties.
What are civil laws?
Slavery, due process, Missouri Compromise; no African Americans could be citizens, whether they were free or not
What is Dred Scott vs Sandford?
State taxes, national supremacy; Congress can use the "necessary and proper clause"; national laws supercede state laws.
What is McColluch vs Maryland?
"Punishment for the crime"
What is retribution?
Basis of American law; established protected rights in the Bill of Rights.
What is the Constitution?
Laws between countries.
What are international laws?
Student speech, symbolic speech, students still have constitutional rights at school as long as it doesn't interfere with learning.
What is Tinker vs Des Moines?
Exclusionary rule, due process; evidence found during an illegal search is inadmissible in court.
What is Mapp vs Ohio?
Preventing future crimes.
What is deterrence?
Required the King of England to be bound by laws; protected "habeas corpus".
What is the Magna Carta?
Laws passed by the state legislature or Congress.
What are statutory laws?
State rights, commerce clause; national government can regulate interstate trade.
What is Gibbons vs Ogden?
Right to counsel, due process; everyone is entitled to an attorney.
What is Gideon vs Wainwright?
Rate at which criminals repeat criminal behaviors.
What is recidivism?
Developed by Hobbes, Rousseau, and Locke; the idea that people give up some of their rights in order to maintain a society and government.
What is the Social Contract?
Laws that cover government agencies.
What are administrative laws?
Censorship, student press rights; students' First Amendment rights can be limited at school, educators can censor certain materials.
What is Hazelwood vs Kuhlmeier?
Busing to desegregate schools, federal government can force desegregation.
What is Swann vs Charlotte Mecklenburg Schools?