Vocab/Skills
This allows courts the official power to hear a case.
Jurisdiction
Which landmark case established the principle of judicial review?
Marbury v Madison
What is the primary reason courts use precedent in the legal system?
To ensure consistency and predictability in legal outcomes.
Which theory of justice focuses on punishing offenders proportionally and emphasizes moral accountability?
Retribution
Which approach aims to repair harm and restore relationships instead of enforcing punishment or penalties?
Restoration
This is a request by a higher court to review and change the decision of a lower court
Appeal
What is the significance of judicial review in the context of the U.S. government?
It enables the judiciary to declare legislative and executive acts unconstitutional.
Which of the following best describes a 'binding precedent'?
A court decision that must be followed by lower courts in the same jurisdiction.
What is the primary goal of the rehabilitation approach in criminal justice?
To reform offenders by addressing root causes
How do restorative practices in civil law aim to resolve conflicts?
By fostering dialogue and collaboration.
The term for 'Monetary compensation awarded to a party in a lawsuit for loss or inju
Damages
How do U.S. District Courts interact with Courts of Appeal?
Courts of Appeal review decisions made by District Courts.
How does the principle of 'stare decisis' contribute to the legal system?
By ensuring courts respect and apply established legal precedents.
What is a retributive method commonly used in justice systems?
Incarceration and Fines.
What is a potential challenge of implementing the restoration approach in justice systems?
May lack enforceability if parties are unwilling to participate.
A wrongful act leading to civil liability
Tort
What is the primary function of the United States District Courts?
To serve as the trial courts of the federal judiciary handling most federal cases.
What was the impact of the Brown v. Board of Education ruling on legal precedent?
It overturned the precedent of 'separate but equal', enabling civil rights progress.
What does the retribution theory in criminal justice demand for upholding moral balance and justice?
Punishment proportionate to the crime's severity.
In the context of punitive damages in civil law, what is a common criticism regarding their implementation?
They may disproportionately affect less wealthy individuals.
This skill is NOT typically considered essential in the legal field.
Mathematical Calculation
What was a key argument against lifetime appointments for federal judges?
Judges may become out of touch with a changing society.
What challenge might a judge face when applying precedent to a new case?
Distinguishing the current case from past cases based on factual differences.
What is an example of policy that illustrates a strong retributive approach to justice?
Mandatory Minimum Sentencing
What is an objective of civil punishment in legal systems?
To deter wrongful acts and enforce compliance with laws.