Stratosphere
What is the stratosphere?
The stratosphere is the second atmospheric layer above the troposphere.
What is the troposphere?
The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere where humans live and all weather phenomena occur.
What is the mesosphere?
The mesosphere is the third atmospheric layer above the stratosphere.
What is the thermosphere?
The thermosphere is the upper atmospheric layer above the mesosphere.
Between which altitudes does the stratosphere extend?
From about 10–18 km up to 50 km above Earth’s surface.
State the average height of the troposphere.
Its height is 8–10 km at the poles and 16–18 km at the equator (average ≈ 11 km).
State the height range of the mesosphere.
It extends from 50 km to about 80–85 km.
State the altitude range of the thermosphere.
It begins at about 85 km and extends up to 500–600 km or more.
Describe temperature variation in the stratosphere.
Temperature increases with altitude due to absorption of ultraviolet radiation.
Describe temperature changes in the troposphere.
Temperature decreases with altitude by about 6.5°C per 1 km.
Describe temperature changes in the mesosphere.
Temperature decreases sharply and can reach −90°C, making it the coldest layer.
Describe the temperature characteristics of the thermosphere.
Temperature rises sharply (up to 1500–2000°C) due to absorption of solar radiation.
Explain the formation and location of the ozone layer.
The ozone layer is located at 20–30 km and forms when UV radiation converts oxygen into ozone.
Explain why all weather phenomena occur in the troposphere.
Because it contains water vapor, dust, clouds, and has active air circulation.
Explain why meteors burn up in the mesosphere.
Due to friction with atmospheric particles, meteors heat up and disintegrate.
Explain the role of the ionosphere in radio communication.
Ionized particles reflect radio waves, enabling long-distance communication.
Evaluate the hygienic role of the stratosphere in protecting life.
It blocks harmful UV radiation, preventing skin cancer, eye damage, and genetic mutations.
Discuss the hygienic importance of the troposphere for human health.
It directly affects respiration, climate, air pollution, spread of infections, and overall living conditions.
Discuss the hygienic and biological significance of the mesosphere.
protects Earth by destroying meteors, preventing surface damage and injuries.
Assess the hygienic and biological importance of the thermosphere.
It absorbs high-energy radiation, protecting living organisms from solar and cosmic radiation.