Layers
Theories
Vocabulary
Boundaries
Volcanoes
100
What is the order of Earth's layers starting from the inside?
inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
100
What is the Theory of Plate Tectonics?
The theory that pieces of Earth's crust are in constant, slow motion
100
Convection Currents
Transfer heat from deep in the Earth's interior to its crust
Stop when: heat source is removed and everything is the same temperature/density
100
Define and give an example of a convergent boundary WITHOUT subduction (when mountains are formed)
A place where two plates come together
Example: Indian and Eurasian plates collide to form mountains
100
What kind of eruption(s) do composite volcanoes have? What makes up composite volcanoes?
-Type of eruptions: explosive and quiet eruptions
-Made of: alternating layers of magma, ash, and rock
200
What is the Earth's inner core made of?
solid metal
200
Why did scientists NOT support Wegner's Theory of Continental Drift?
He could not explain what was moving the continents
200
Conduction
The process of transferring energy from a heat source to something directly touching it
200
Define and give an example of a divergent boundary
A boundary at which two plates move away from each other
Ex: Mid Atlantic Ridge (Between South American and African plates)
200
What kind of eruption(s) do cinder cone volcanoes have? What are cinder cone volcanoes made up of?
-Type of eruption: explosive eruptions
-Made of: hardened ash and pieces of lava
300
Which layer is under the greatest pressure?
Inner core
300
What evidence shows that two land areas were once connected? (Hint: Think Wegner)
Similar rock and fossil types
300
Convection
The process of transferring heat within a fluid
300
Define and give an example of a transform boundary
A boundary at which two plates slide past each other in opposite directions
Ex: San Andreas Fault (California) ; Between Pacific and North American plates
300
What kind of eruption(s) do shield volcanoes have? What makes up shield volcanoes?
-Type of eruption: quiet eruptions
-Made up of: layers of lava that have flowed out
400
How would you describe the materials in the athenosphere?
Gooey and flow like hot tar
400
What Earth process does seafloor spreading provide evidence of?
Crustal plate movement
400
Lava
Magma (molten rock from beneath Earth's surface) that has reached the surface
400
Give an example of where plates collide and subduction occurs
Pacific Ocean Ring of Fire (Pacific Plate)
Pacific Plate and Eurasia; Nazca Plate
400
What is a volcano?
A weak spot in the ocean's crust where gas, melted rock, or ash reaches the surface; repeated eruptions build up and form a mountain
Ex: Hawaiin Islands
500
Which layer consists of the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle?
Lithosphere
500
What do scientists use seismic waves for?
Scientists use seismic waves to learn about Earth's interior indirectly
500
Subduction
Occurs at a convergent boundary when one plate slides beneath another
500
Where is new crust formed?
Mid-ocean ridges/rift valleys/divergent boundaries
Newer crust is closer to the boundary
500
What determines how a volcano will erupt?
The type of volcano