Jingle Bells
All I want for Xmas
Frosty the Snowman
Fairy tale of New York
Silent Night
100
Name two gases emitted from a volcano
Carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide & hydrogen halides.
100
Scale used to measure earthquakes
Richter or mercalli
100
Movement at a divergent/constructive plate boundary and example.
Tectonic plates move apart. Example North American & Eurasian plates move apart.
100
Movement at a convergent/destructive plate boundary.
Convection currents cause tectonic plates to move towards each other. For example: Nazca & South American Plate
100
Movement at a conservative/transform/passive plate boundary.
Tectonic plates are trying to slide by each other due to convection currents in the mantle. North American plates sliding by Pacific plate. Forms the San Andreas Fault.
200
Iceland is located on two tectonic plates. Name them.
North American & Eurasian
200
Explain the term focus & epicentre
Any Valid answer
200
The down fold of a fold mountain is called
Syncline
200
Lithification defintion
Process whereby sediments compact under pressure and over time becoming solid rock – example: loose sand turning into sandstone
200
Precipitation Definition
Collective name for rain, hail, sleet, snow
300
One benefit of tectonic activity.
Any valid answer - tourism, farming etc..
300
Instrument used to measure earthquakes
Seismometers
300
FEED - Mechanical Weathering
Freeze-Thaw Action
300
FEED - Chemical Weathering
Feature: Carbonation
Explanation: Carbonation is the mixing of water with carbon dioxide to make carbonic acid. This reacts with minerals in rocks and dissolves the rock. Limestone is very sensitive to carbonation as it is permeable. This means water can pass through it.
Example: Karst landscape. The Burren, Co. Clare.
300
Diurnal Temperature Change
Large change in temperature between day and night. Exfoliation in the Sahara Desert is due to this.
400
Explain the term Caldera
Depression in the earth formed when a volcano erupts and then collapses in on its self.
400
What is hydrolysis?
Type of chemical weathering. Chemical breakdown of a substance when combined with water.
400
15 SRPs geothermal energy.
Renewable energy, cost effective, e.g. Iceland
Molten magma near surface heats underground water supply
Water superheated to 200°C
Wells drilled to extract water
Used to generate electricity
Used for central heating in 90 per cent of people’s homes
Used to heat greenhouses
Reykjavik uses clean fuel source, lowest CO2 levels
Tourism attracted to natural hot springs and pools
Cheap fuel source
Pumped under car parks to keep them ice free
400
2 x FEED of surface features formed in a Karst Landscape
The Burren, Co. Clare
Limestone Pavent - clints & grykes
Swallow holes
400
2 X FEED of underground features in a Karst landscape.
The Burren, Co Clare
Dripstone Features - Pillars
Caves
500
Discuss the theory of plate tectonics.
I will discuss two theories linked to plate tectonics continental drift & sea floor spreading:
Continental Drift:
• Alfred Wegener.
• Wegener noted that the continents could fit together like a Jigsaw puzzle. • Suggested that all continents were once joined together in a huge supercontinent called Pangaea.
• Suggests that the continents are transported across the planet by convection currents
• Drifting of the continents is still occurring today
• Continents were once all joined together in one single landmass known as Pangaea. It was effectively a supercontinent
• Approximately 200 million years ago Pangaea began to break apart • The continents were fueled by the convection currents and so they began to drift apart
Proof:
• Continents fit together
• Fossil Distribution: fossils found in South America were also found in Africa. These fossils were of freshwater creatures and could not have travelled across oceans.
6
The Tectonic Cycle | Plate Tectonics
• Common rock types: rocks of similar age and structure have been found in different continents; e.g. Mountains in North America and Ireland.
• Glacial deposits in Australia, Africa, India and South America are the same age.
Sea Floor Spreading:
• Harry Hess in the 1960’s.
• New rock is formed where plates were split apart
• Ocean floor widens; magma rises from within the mantle and fills the opening • Magma cools; new ocean floor formed
• New ocean floor is youngest at the mid-ocean ridge
• Older crust moves away towards continents
Proof:
• Rock samples from the ocean floor show that the crust is youngest where the magma cools at the Mid-Atlantic ridge. (10 million years)
• Crust gets older as you move towards the continent (200 million years). • Young volcanic islands are found closer to the Mid-Atlantic ridge where the sea floor is separating (at divergent plate boundaries)
500
FEED - Igenous rock
Feature - Basalt
Explanation: Extrusive
Example: Giant's Causeway
500
FEED - Sedimentary Rock
Feature
Explanation
Example
Diagram
500
FEED - Metamorphic Rock
FEED
500
15 SRP predication & prevention of earthquakes
Must include specific example of a country/place that experiences earthquakes.