1
A form of questioning that provides us with reasons to accept or reject a particular position or idea
Argument
Arguments that include confusing or questionable wording that result in more than one possible conclusion to be drawn
Fallacies of ambiguity
When an argument uses confusing wording to draw a conclusion
Fallacy of amphiboly
Attacking the person instead of the argument
Ad hominem
Assuming characteristics of a group can be applied to an individual and/or assuming that the characteristics of an individual can be applied to a group
Stereotyping
Obvious errors in Logic
Formal fallacies
Arguments that base a conclusion on information not relevant or related to the stated conclusion
Fallacies of relevancy
When a piece of evidence is taken out of context and used to create a false conclusion
Fallacy of accent
Claiming something is true because no on has proven it false
Appeal to ignorance
Using someone as an expert to promote an idea who is in fact not an expert
Inappropriate appeal to authority
When an argument is psychologically or emotionally persuasive, but logically incorrect
Informal Fallacies
Arguments that ask us to accept a conclusion based on information that may or may not be true
Fallacies of assumption
This occurs when a word changes meaning during an argument.
Fallacy of equivocation
Stating we should accept a conclusion because most people believe it
Popular appeal fallacy
Reducing the number of possible options down to two, when there are many more options
False dilemma
The errors that occur within arguments
Fallacies
A person's judgment on what is important in life.
Values
These are values that benefit ourselves and others and are considered to be worthwhile for their own sake.
Moral values
Bringing information into an argument that has nothing to do with the argument at hand
Red herring fallacy
Claiming one thing causes another without sufficient evidence
Questionable Cause
This is the process of using arguments to help us figure out what we should or should not do in a given situation.
Moral reasoning
Decisions that no matter what we choose we will violate one of our moral values.
Moral Dilemmas
Values that are goal oriented or a means to an end.
Non-moral values
A conclusion based on an atypical case.
Hasty Generalization
An assumption that if some actions are permitted, other similar actions will also be permitted in the future
Slippery Slope Fallacy