Micro/Macro/Normo
This is the most common cause of anemia worldwide and is characterized by low ferritin, high TIBC, and high RDW.
What is iron deficiency anemia?
Spherocytes and a positive Coombs test are found in this autoimmune anemia.
What is autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA)?
The most common inherited bleeding disorder caused by defective platelet adhesion.
What is von Willebrand disease?
A PIGA gene mutation causing loss of CD55/CD59 leads to hemolysis and thrombosis in this rare condition.
What is paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)?
The most common cause of acquired leukopenia, often reversible after stopping the offending medication.
What is drug-induced leukopenia?
Elevated methylmalonic acid and hypersegmented neutrophils on smear point to this diagnosis.
What is vitamin B12 deficiency?
Acrocyanosis and RBC agglutination at room temperature are diagnostic clues for this subtype of AIHA.
What is cold AIHA?
A very prolonged aPTT with normal PT and recurrent hemarthroses suggests this diagnosis.
What is hemophilia A or B?
Clonal stem cell disorders with <20% blasts and bilobed neutrophils (“pseudo-Pelger-Huët”) define this group.
What are myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)?
Neutrophil count <500 with oral ulcers, fever, and lack of pus formation describes this life-threatening condition.
What is agranulocytosis?
This anemia is due to high hepcidin from chronic inflammation and shows normal/high ferritin with low serum iron.
What is anemia of chronic disease?
Isolated thrombocytopenia with giant platelets and normal WBC/RBC suggests this autoimmune disorder.
What is immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)?
Widespread microthrombi with simultaneous consumption of clotting factors and platelets defines this acquired disorder.
What is disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?
Pancytopenia with hypocellular bone marrow filled with fat is diagnostic of this autoimmune marrow failure.
What is aplastic anemia?
Splenomegaly with excessive sequestration leading to cytopenias describes this process.
What is hypersplenism?
Bone marrow infiltration leading to teardrop cells and leukoerythroblastosis on smear describes this normocytic anemia.
What is myelophthisic anemia?
The pentad of thrombocytopenia, MAHA, renal dysfunction, neuro symptoms, and fever defines this condition.
What is thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)?
Resistance to activated protein C due to a genetic mutation causes this common inherited thrombophilia.
What is Factor V Leiden mutation?
This autoimmune syndrome is diagnosed with positive lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin, or anti-β2 glycoprotein I antibodies on >2 occasions, >12 weeks apart.
What is antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APLS)?
This viral infection is confirmed by HIV-1 RNA PCR in acute cases and shows lymphopenia with opportunistic infections.
What is HIV/AIDS?
Target cells, microcytosis, and a “hair on end” skull X-ray are classic for this genetic condition.
What is beta-thalassemia major?
This autoimmune condition presents with positive ANA, pancytopenia, and may coexist with antiphospholipid syndrome.
What is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
A 5–10 day fall in platelets after heparin exposure with new thrombosis is diagnostic of this condition.
What is heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)?
Complement-mediated intravascular hemolysis producing dark urine in the morning is pathognomonic for this condition.
What is paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria?
A transient drop in WBC with atypical lymphocytes on smear is commonly seen after these infections.
What are viral infections (post-viral leukopenia)?