Plant structure & Function
Protist & Fungi
Plant Diversity
Tropisms
Bacteria & Viruses
100
What absorbs water and anchors the plant to the ground
Roots
100
What organisms are mostly multicellular (with a few unicellular species), all eukaryotes and all heterotrophs?
Fungi
100
What part of the flower is for attracting pollinator?
Petals?
100
What is tropism?
Growth response in plants to a stimulus
100
What are unicellular prokaryotes?
Bacteria
200
What 3 structures make up the pistil?
ovary
style
stigma
200
what two organisms are decomposers in our environment?
bacteria and fungi
200
What are characteristics of non- vascular plants.
Low Growing, grown in moist areas.
200
What is phototropism?
Plant growth and response to light source
200
Why are viruses not considered living things?
They are not made of cells, they can not reproduce without a host, etc.
300
What gives support to the leaves, flowers, fruits and connects them to the roots?
Stems
300
What kingdom is comprised of ONLY single cellular eukaryotes?
Protist or Protista
300
What is the male structure of a plant called?
Stamen
300
What is Geotropism?
Plants response to gravity
300
An amoeba engulfing a bacterium is an example of what kind of nutrition?
Heterotrophic
400
What structure receives pollen?
Stigma
400
Pseudopods, Cilia and setae are all structural adaptations for the life process of....
locomotion or movement
400
What are the reproductive structure in gymnosperms?
Cones
400
What plant hormone makes plants grow faster in response to tropisms?
Auxins
400
What part of the plant ripens to become the fruit?
Ovary
500
What is the function of the stomata?
close or open to prevent water loss
500
Why is a mushroom considered a heterotroph?
It obtains nutrients from its environment
500
What are the reproductive structure in angiosperms?
Flowers
500
Where do auxins collect during a phototropism?
On the darker side (shaded part) of the stem
500
Species of bacteria can evolve more quickly than species of mammals, why?
Bacteria have higher rates of reproduction
600
The Control of Transpiration
Plants normally lose water from openings (stomates) in their leaves. The water loss typically occurs during daylight hours when plants are exposed to the Sun. This water loss, known as transpiration, is both beneficial and harmful to plants.
Scientists believe wind and high temperatures increase the rate of transpiration, but the size of each stomate opening can be regulated. Reducing the size of the openings during drought conditions may help reduce the dehydration and wilting that would otherwise occur.
A leaf may lose more than its own weight in water each day. Transpiration also lowers the internal temperature of the leaf as water evaporates. On hot days, temperatures in the leaves may be from 3° to 15°C cooler than the outside air. With stomates open, vital gases may be exchanged between the leaf tissues and the outside environment.
Researchers have also found many plants that use another response when leaf temperatures rise. Special molecules known as heat shock proteins are produced by plant cells and help to hold enzymes in their functional shapes.
State one way transpiration is beneficial to plants.
—Transpiration helps plants cool off on hot days.—While transpiration is occurring, the stomates are open, allowing the exchange of important gases.
600
Bye – Bye Bananas?
The world's most popular type of banana is facing a major health crisis. According to a new study, a disease caused by a powerful fungus is killing the Cavendish banana, which accounts for 99% of the banana market around the globe. The disease, called tropical race 4 (TR4), has affected banana crops in southeast Asia for decades. In recent years, it has spread to the Middle East and the African nation of Mozambique. Now experts fear the disease will show up in Latin America, where the majority of the world's bananas are grown. ...
...Once a banana plant is infected with TR4, it cannot get nourishment from water and nutrients, and basically dies of thirst. TR4 lives in soil, and can easily end up on a person's boots. If the contaminated boots are then worn on a field where Cavendish bananas are grown, the disease could be transferred. "Once a field has been contaminated with the disease, you can't grow Cavendish bananas there anymore," Randy Ploetz [scientist] says. "The disease lasts a long time in the soil."...
...But Cavendish [banana] is also particularly vulnerable to TR4. The banana is grown in what is called monoculture. "You see a big field of bananas and each one is genetically identical to its neighbor" Ploetz says. "And they are all uniformly susceptible to this disease. So once one plant gets infected, it just runs like wildfire throughout that entire plantation."...
State how the TR4 fungus threatens homeostasis within the banana plant.
— The TR4 fungus interferes with the transport of water and other materials within the banana plant.
— The fungus that attacks the banana plant interferes with the plant's normal functions and the plant basically dies of thirst.
— The fungus prevents water from reaching the leaves, preventing photosynthesis.
— The plant cannot get nourishment from water and nutrients.
600
Arabidopsis plants respond to drought conditions by producing a stress hormone called ABA. This hormone slows down plant growth and leads to a decrease in the plant's use of water.
ABA binds to specific receptors in the plant that cause the guard cells on the leaf surfaces to close the stomatal openings through which water vapor can normally pass. This reduces water loss during the drought conditions.
Although it has been suggested that spraying plants with ABA during a drought could be beneficial, it is not practical. The chemical is expensive to produce and quickly loses its ability to bind to cell receptors in the plant cells.
Recently, however, scientists have found a way to modify the ABA receptors in Arabidopsis plants so they can be activated by another chemical that is both stable and inexpensive.
9)
Explain how the response of the guard cells to a drought is part of a feedback mechanism.
— The plant responds to a stimulus. When there is a drought, ABA is produced and the stomates are closed. When the drought is over, no ABA is produced and the stomates are opened.
— The plant maintains homeostasis by opening or closing leaf openings according to the amount of water available.
— The plant closes the stomates/slows growth when there is a drought or opens them/resumes growth when it rains.
— The stomates open or close in response to changes in available water.
— The guard cells close the stomates when there is less available water.
600
The diagram below shows two germinating corn seeds that have been placed in identical bottles and kept in the dark. Bottle A will be rotated 90 degrees each day for the next 6 days. Bottle will not be rotated. What hypothesis is most likely being tested in this experiment? 
Gravity affects plant growth.
600
Polio is a virus that can cause paralysis or death. At its peak, the disease affected about 500,000 people a year worldwide before the development of an effective vaccine in 1955.
When the first polio vaccine was developed, it was tested in experiments using thousands of children as subjects. The children were injected with either the experimental vaccine or given a harmless injection without the vaccine. Only after these extensive tests was the vaccine finally accepted as being successful in preventing the disease.
Although, at this time, polio has been nearly eliminated in the Western Hemisphere, certain countries in the world still report new cases of the disease. Complete elimination of the disease can be achieved in these countries by vaccinating all of the children at the same time with the polio vaccine.
Identify the substance in the polio vaccine that makes it effective.
ead/weakened pathogen — antigens — a small piece of the virus/viral coat