Lead Facts
Lead is primarily introduced into the body via what two methods?
Ingestion & Inhalation
DOUBLE!!!
If lead gets into your blood, it can stay there for how long?
25-30 years
DOUBLE!!!
Who sets the lead exposure limits?
OSHA
What is the most effective way to eliminate lead hazards?
Use Engineering Controls
PPE must be provided at ____ to employees.
No cost
Lead is found in three forms:
1. Metals & Alloys
2. Inorganic Compounds
3. ????
What is the third?
Organic Compounds
You should complete a what before each job/each morning to determine the lead hazards and appropriate controls for each job?
JHA
What is the action level (AL) in micrograms per cubit meter for lead exposure over an 8-hour shift?
30
What is a common replacement material for lead?
Tungsten
Heavy Plastic
For employees exposed to lead levels between the PEL & 200 uh/m3, clean clothing must be issued how often?
Weekly
DOUBLE!!!
In what organic compound still in use today, can you find lead?
Aviation gas.
What method can you use to determine employee's exposure to lead?
Personal Air Monitoring
What is the permissible exposure limit in micrograms per cubit meter for lead exposure over an 8-hour shift?
50
Give an example of an engineering control.
Substitution
Isolation
Ventilation
DOUBLE!!!
Name two types of common PPE to use when exposed to lead.
•Chemical safety goggles
•Gloves, hats or hoods, and shoe coverings
•Aprons or coveralls
•Respiration or self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) systems
•Exposure monitoring equipment, such as air sampling pumps
Name two of the most common methods of exposure to lead in the workplace...
Demolition
Flame-torch cutting & Welding
Removal of lead paint
Abrasive Blasting
If employees are exposed to lead levels above the AL for more than ____ per year, the program must include medical examinations and blood testing.
30 days
Lead exposure is especially dangerous in children because the body is unable to distinguish lead from what other mineral..?
Calcium
DOUBLE!!!
What are two types of ventilation that can be used to prevent lead from contamination the air?
Which is better?
Local Ventilation
Dilution Ventilation
Local is better.
Employers must Issue clean clothing on a ___ basis for employees exposed to lead levels above 200 µg/m3.
Daily
Once lead enters the body, it can take anywhere from a __________ to two ____________ before it starts to be excreted.
Month
Decades
Name 3 Symptoms of lead poisoning..
Abdominal pain, vomiting, and constipation
High blood pressure
Joint or muscle pain
Declines in mental functioning
Pain, numbness, or tingling of extremities
Headaches
Memory loss
Mood disorders
Fertility issues in both men and women, including harm to fetuses
When lead exposure levels exceed the AL but do NOT exceed the PEL, what two actions are required?
Implement a medical surveillance program.
Collect Air Samples.
Isolating the work area is not a suitable engineering control when preforming what task?
Abrasive Blasting
What type of clothing is preferable to reusable clothing because it is thrown away after use and there is little-to-no potential for cross-contamination?
Disposable Clothing