Definitions
Refer to a set of distinctive characteristics, qualities, or attributes that describe a person.
Traits
Certain people have innate qualities and characteristics that make them great leaders.
Trait Approach
Management Skills Grid
Skills Approach
Human - working with people. Ability to communicate effectively
Technical - working with things. knowledge about and proficiency in a specific type of work or activity. They include competencies in a specialized area, analytical ability, and the ability to use appropriate tools and techniques
Conceptual - working with ideas. Mental work of shaping the meaning of organizational or policy issues
Trait Approach
Stogdill’s first survey (1948) identified important leadership traits that were related to how
people in various roles/groups became leaders.
_________ cognitive ability can be thought of as a person's intelligence.
General cognitive ability
Suggests that leaders engage in the two primary behaviors: task & relationship behaviors
Behavioral Approach
Blake and Mouton Managerial Grid
Behavioral approach
used to explain how leaders help the company reach their goals through things like concern for people and concern for product
Authentic Approach
The authentic leadership approach developed by George focuses on the characteristics of authentic leaders. George describes the
essential qualities of authentic leadership and how individuals can develop these
qualities if they want to become authentic leaders.
Leaders who are self-consumed, exploitive, and power oriented, with warped moral values.
Pseudotransformational
Helping people change and adjust to new situations.
Adaptive Approach
Shore and Colleagues Grid
Inclusive Leadership
illustrates how varying levels of belongingness (i.e., the desire to be included) interact with uniqueness (i.e., the desire to maintain one’s own identity) and result in four outcomes: exclusion, differentiation, assimilation, and inclusion.
Situational Approach
Blanchard and colleagues developed the SLII model to illustrate the situational
approach.
This model stresses that leadership is composed of directive and supportive
roles
A sociological theory that argues that people create meaning about their reality as they interact with each other.
social constructivism
Leaders rely on rewards and punishments to achieve optimal job performance from their subordinates.
Transactional Approach
SLII Model
Situational Approach
The SLII® model illustrates how directive and supportive leadership behaviors combine for each of the four different leadership styles. It also incorporates follower development levels.
Servant Leadership
Robert K. Greenleaf
Servant leaders place the good of followers over
their own self-interests and emphasize follower
development.
Authentic Leadership as relational, created by leaders and followers together.
Interpersonal Perspective
Uses directive and supportive behaviors to explain 4 different leadership styles and how they effect followers
Situational Approach
Kellerman Typology
Followership
Differentiates followers by level of engagement.
Inclusive Leadership
William Schutz (1958) posited that inclusion (along with control and affection) is a
basic human need that people experience in their interpersonal relationships.
• Argued that people express their need to be included by how they communicate
with others
• People experience less anxiety if their need to be “in the group” (inherent)
matches the degree to which they want others to “include them.”