1
Learning is not a PROCESS by which experience or practice does not result in relatively permanent change in behavior.
TRUE OR FALSE?
False!
Learning is a PROCESS by which experience or practice results in relatively permanent change in behavior.
The intense irrational fears that we call phobias can be learnt through classical conditioning.
TRUE OR FALSE?
True!
Which of the following are examples of classical conditioning?
A. Eating when not hungry just because we know it is lunch time.
B. A specific smell triggering a bad memory.
C. A cat running into the kitchen to the sound of a can opener.
D. All of the above
D. All of the above!
Who is another pioneer in the study of operant conditioning?
B. F. SKINNER
Imagine that you want to teach a child to make his or her bed. What kind of reinforcement could you use to do that?
A. Punishment
B. Positive reinforcement
C. Negative reinforcement
D. Both B and C would work
D. Both B and C would work.
Why do you think that both would work?
Who was the founding father of classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov!! (Russian Psychologist)
Association= Hurricane Ivan (SEPT 2004)
Teaching someone to relax even when he or she encounters a distressing situation is called.........?
Desensitization therapy- a conditioned technique designed to gradually reduce anxiety about a particular object or situation.
You feel nauseated when you read about sea scallops on a restaurant menu because you once had a bad episode with some scallops that made you sick. For you in this situation, the menu description of the scallops is the........?
A. US
B. CS
C. CR
B. CONDITIONED STIMULUS
If an action is followed by a pleasurable consequence, it will tend to be repeated and vice versa. What is this called?
Law of effect!
Thorndike's theory that behavior consistently rewarded will be "stamped in" as learned behavior and behavior that brings about discomfort will be "stamped out".
An event whose reduction or termination increases the likelihood that ongoing behavior will recur is called...... reinforcement whereas any event whose presence increases the likelihood that ongoing behavior will recur is called........ reinforcement.
Negative reinforcement- An event whose reduction or termination increases the likelihood that ongoing behavior will recur.
Positive reinforcement- Any event whose presence increases the likelihood that ongoing behavior will recur
What is the major difference between classical and operant conditioning?
A. CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
(LEADS TO AUTOMATIC RESPONSE)
B. OPERANT CONDITIONING
(LEADS TO VOLUNTARY RESPONSE)
A learned association between the taste of a certain food and a feeling of nausea is called?
OR
What is it called when you have a bad experience with a food and don't want to eat it again?
Conditioned taste aversion- conditioned avoidance of certain foods even if there is only one pairing of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli.
Conditioning based on previous learning.
What is......?
Higher order conditioning!
The stimuli that follow a behavior and increase the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated.
What is...?
Reinforcer
Key word: INCREASE(S)
Your mom is nagging you to study, and she stops nagging when you start to study. What is this an example of?
Negative reinforcement
A form of learning in which a response elicited by one stimulus becomes elicited by a previously neutral stimulus. What is operant conditioning.
TRUE OR FALSE?
FALSE!
It is classical conditioning!!!
A form of learning in which a response elicited by one stimulus becomes elicited by a previously neutral stimulus.
It refers to the establishment of fairly predictable behavior in the presence of well-defined stimuli.
In the experiment with little albert, the unconditioned stimulus was..........?
The loud noise.
Edward Thorndike is associated with classical conditioning.
TRUE OR FALSE?
False!
Thorndike was a pioneer in studying the kind of learning that involves making a certain response due to the consequences that it brings.
This form of learning is called operant conditioning!
The stimuli that follow a behavior and decrease the likelihood that the behavior will follow.
What is.....?
Punisher
Key word: Decrease(s)
Police are pulling drivers over and giving prizes for buckling up.
Q: Is it positive/negative reinforcement/punishment or none of these?
Q: Is it positive/negative reinforcement/punishment or none of these?
ANS. Positive Reinforcement
Q: Is it operant/classical conditioning?
ANS. Operant Conditioning
This is adding PRIZES which is/are perceived as pleasant to increase the behavior of BUCKLING UP.
Match the following:
1. US A. Bell
2. UR B. Food
3. CS C. Salivating to bell
4. CR D. Salivating to food
1. US- Food (B)
2. UR- Salivating to food (D)
3. CS- Bell (A)
4. CR- Salivating to bell (C)
A biological readiness to learn certain associations because of their survival advantages. What is.....?
Preparedness!
What kind of learning occurs through reward and punishment?
Operant conditioning
Punishment is any event whose presence INCREASES the likelihood that ongoing behavior will recur.
TRUE OR FALSE?
False!
Punishment= DECREASE
Punishment is any event whose presence DECREASES the likelihood that ongoing behavior will recur.
A basketball player is suspended for committing a flagrant foul.
Q: Is it positive/negative reinforcement/punishment or none of these?
Q: Is it operant/classical conditioning?
This is (adding, taking away) which is perceived as (pleasant, unpleasant) to (increase, decrease) the behavior of ......?
A basketball player is suspended for committing a flagrant foul.
Q: Is it positive/negative reinforcement/punishment or none of these?
ANS. Positive punishment
Q: Is it operant/classical conditioning?
Operant conditioning
This is adding SUSPENSION FROM PLAYING which is/are perceived as unpleasant to decrease the behavior of MAKING FOULS.