Learning Type
The term for when higher animals, especially humans, learn without direct experience, by watching and imitating others.
What is observational learning?
In operant conditioning, something is added to increase the likelihood of the behavior.
What is positive reinforcement?
The name of the researcher who was the pioneer of observational learning and created the Bobo doll experiement.
Who is Albert Bandura?
A relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge as a result of experience.
What is learning?
In Pavlov's original experiment with dogs, the meat served as this.
What is the US or Unconditioned Stimulus?
Learning in which the stimulus occurs before the behavior and then gets paired or associated with the behavior.
What is classical conditioning?
What is negative punishment?
I am famous for classically conditioning Little Albert to fear a rat and similar creatures.
Who is John B. Watson?
In operant conditioning, this is the implementation of a consequence to increase behavior.
What is reinforcement?
As a child, you were playing in the yard one day when a neighbor's cat wandered over. Your mother (who has a fear of cats) screamed and snatched you into her arms. Her behavior caused you to cry. You now have a fear of cats. What is the CS?
What is the cat?
Form of learning in which the stimulus happens after the behavior is demonstrated.
What is operant conditioning?
My email works on this reinforcement schedule. I sometimes get an email every 5 minutes and other times it could be hours between receiving an email.
What is the variable interval?
Psychologist known for his work with dogs in classical conditioning
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
A decrease in the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the conditioned stimulus.
What is extinction?
Bill is beginning first grade. Everyday, the teacher walks into the classroom and loudly smacks a ruler on the desk, causing the children to jump. The teacher develops a habit of clearing her throat, "Uhmmm," and then slamming down the ruler. Soon all the teacher has to do, is clear her throat and the children jump. What is the US or Unconditioned Stimulus?
What is loud noise/slamming of ruler?
Learning that certain events go together, and in classical conditioning and operant conditioning.
What is associative learning?
!!DAILY DOUBLE!!
This type of reinforcement results in slower, but a much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement.
What is partial, or intermittent, reinforcement?
My "box" is well known in the world of psychology, but the rats don't like it very much.
Who is B.F. Skinner?
Rewarding successive approximations toward a target behavior.
What is shaping?
It is springtime and the pollen from the flowers causes you to sneeze. Soon you are sneezing at the mere sight of a flower....real or fake. What are the CS and the CR?
What are flowers (CS) and sneezing (CR)?
The acquisition of mental information, whether by observing events, by watching others, or through language.
What is cognitive learning?
This schedule of reinforcement produces the most effective learning and is seen in gambling.
What is variable ratio schedule.
!!DAILY DOUBLE!!
Psychologist who described the "law of effect" meaning that behavior followed by favorable consequences will be more likely to occur and behavior followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely to occur
Who is Edward Thorndike?
The reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response.
What is spontaneous recovery?
You ride a roller coaster and get sick afterward. Now, whenever you are near a roller coaster you feel queasy. What are the US and UR?
What riding a roller coaster (US) and getting sick (UR)?