Pavlov
Theoretical Principles
Contributions
Edwin Ray Guthrie
William Kaye Estes
100
the disturbed or altered condition resulting from stimulation of an individual, organ, tissue, or cell
What is excitation
100
a response that becomes associated with a previously unrelated stimulus as a result of pairing the stimulus with another stimulus normally yielding the response.
What is Condition Reflex?
100
to learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus (e.g., a tone) becomes associated with a stimulus (e.g., food) that naturally produces a behavior.
What is Classical Conditioning?
100
the association between a pattern of stimuli and a response develops at full strength as a result of just one pairing between the two. 
What is One Trial Learning?
100
A key feature of SST was the BLANK of a certain stimulus occurring in any trial and of being paired with a given response.
What is Probability? (matching)
200
a nervous feeling that prevents you from expressing your thoughts, emotions, or desires
What is inhabition
200
decreases and (usually) eliminates a conditioned response
What is Extinction?
200
the finding that when there is no contingency between a CS and a US in an initial phase, animals have difficulty learning an association between the two events when the events are later paired.
What is Learned Irrelevance?
200
This doesn’t improve performance because of repetition but because new S-R associations are being made
What is Practice and improvement?
200
Something we have temporarily forgotten may be remembered when the relevant stimuli happen to be included in the sample.
What is Spontaneous Recovery?
300
a type of integral activity performed by the cerebrum of higher animals and man and manifested by a fixed, or stereotyped, succession of conditioned reflexes.
What is dynamic stereotype?
300
a phenomenon of learning and memory which was first seen in classical (Pavlovian) conditioning and refers to the re-emergence of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a delay.
What is Spontaneous Recovery?
300
Interference with conditioning that is produced by repeated exposures to the conditional stimulus before conditioning begins.
What is Latent Inhibition?
300
Contiguity theory suggests that THIS is due to interference rather than the passage of time; stimuli become associated with new responses.
What is Forgetting?
300
When an individual erroneously believes that the onset of a certain random event is less likely to happen following an event or a series of events. This line of thinking is incorrect because past events do not change the probability that certain events will occur in the future.
What is Gamblers Fallacy?
400
the physiological process that takes place during generalization
What is Irradiation?
400
the tendency to respond to stimuli that resemble the original conditioned stimulus.
What is Generalization?
400
This is said to occur when learning an association between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) is facilitated by pairing the CS with the US in the presence of a previously established conditioned inhibitor.
What is Super Conditioning?
400
the person avoids the cues which produce the unwanted response (give up smoking while on vacation).
What is Sidetracking?
400
THIS is proposed that the individual scans a situation to determine what responses are possible and recalls their probable outcomes from memory. Then the individual can choose a response that yields the most valuable outcome.
What is the Scanning Model of Decision Making?
500
Both excitation and inhibition can be focused or restricted to certain parts of the brain.
What is concentration?
500
the tendency to respond differently to stimuli that are similar but not identical
What is Discrimination?
500
A conditioning procedure that reverses the organism’s response to a stimulus.
What is Counter Conditioning?
500
Part of the reason for this lies in the fact that when we expect something we are already "doing it," at least in part.
What is Intentions?
500
Estes theories were mechanistic, and he viewed learning and behavior as machine-like. He did however, believe from his laboratory observations that humans become increasingly effective at solving problems as more problems are solved. He called this process what?
What is Learning to Learn?
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