coffee
tea
espresso
water
salad
100
the ability to store and use information
What is memory
100
a kind of memory made up of knowledge based on previous experiences (outside conscious awareness)
What is implicit memory
100
these are very detailed memories of highly charged events
What are flashbulb memories
100
enduring changes in behavior that occur as a result of experience
What is learning
100
learning by watching the behavior of others
What is observational learning
200
the process of breaking down a list of items into smaller meaningful units
What is chunking
200
the kind of memory that includes physical skills (e.g., riding a bike)
What is procedural memory
200
Where is emotional memory stored in the brain? BONUS- where is explicit memory stored?
amygdala hippocampus
200
Pavlov's dogs demonstrated this type of learning
What is classical conditioning
200
Bandura's theory that describes how we can learn by modeling or imitating another's behavior
What is social learning theory
300
the process of repeatedly practicing material so that it enters long-term memory
What is rehearsal
300
the conscious recall of facts and events
What is explicit memory
300
Name the two types of processing of information encoding
What is automatic and effortful
300
The weakening/disappearance of a conditioned response in the absence of reinforcement. BONUS- when the response suddenly reappears after a time
What is extinction spontaneous recovery
300
the reinforcement of successive approximations of desired behavior
What is shaping
400
the tendency to have better recall for items in a list according to their order (remember more at beginning and end).
What is serial position effect
400
The process by which we attend to, take in, and integrate new information
What is encoding
400
The strengthening of a synaptic connection that results when synapses fire together repeatedly (one neuroscientific basis of learning)
What is long-term potentiation
400
the process of modifying behavior by manipulating the consequences of that behavior (B.F. Skinner)
What is operant conditioning
400
Give an example of a negative reinforcer and a positive reinforcer.
you buckle your seat belt to avoid the annoying buzzer you exercise more because you feel better afterward
500
Name the 3 types of memory in the three-stage model of memory
What are sensory, short-term, and long-term
500
Name the two types of explicit memory. (BONUS- define each).
What are semantic (memory for fact and knowledge) and episodic (memory from our personal experiences)
500
Define proactive and retroactive interference.
Disruption of memory because of previously learned information interferes with learning of new information. Disruption of memory because new information interferes with previously learned information.
500
name the CS, US, CR, and UR in this example: John Watson conducted an experiment with a boy named Albert in which he paired a white rat with a loud, startling noise. Albert now becomes startled at the sight of the white rat.
The loud noise is the US. The startle is the UR. The white rat is the CS. The startle response to the white rat is the CR.
500
Name all 4 schedules of reinforcement. BONUS- which is most efficient at for learning? and which is most resistant to extinction? (hint- they're different)
fixed ratio; variable ratio; fixed interval; variable interval BONUS- fixed ratio; variable ratio
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