DNA Structure
What are the 4 Nitrogenous bases in DNA?
adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
What enzyme unzips the DNA strand?
Helicase
Where does transcription occur?
Nucleus
What is the start codon?
AUG (methionine)
This scientist discovered base pairing rules.
Erwin Chargaff
What type of bonds hold bases together?
Hydrogen bonds
What are the names of the two strands created after the first step of DNA replication?
leading and lagging strand
What nitrogenous base is switched, and what does it switch to?
Where does translation take place?
ribosome
Rosalind Franklin
What is the shape of DNA called?
double helix
Lagging strand
If a DNA strand reads GTA ATC GCG, what is the corresponding mRNA sequence?
CAU UAG CGC
What is produced during translation?
Polypeptide chain (chain of amino acids)
not a protein yet!
This brilliant chemist incorrectly identified DNA's shape as a triple helix.
Linus Pauling
Which bases are pyrimidines and which are purines?
cytosine + thymine are pyrimidines
guanine + adenine are purines
What direction can DNA Polymerase III add nucleotides in?
5' to 3'
What is produced at the end of transcription?
mRNA
What molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome?
tRNA
Name the scientists that were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1962 for their "discovery" of the structure of DNA.
Watson, Crick, and Wilkins
State Chargaff's rules
adenine - thymine
cytosine - guanine
EXPLAIN the role of primase
synthesizes short RNA sequences called primers.
Acts as a starting point for DNA polymerase III to begin adding new nucleotides
What are the 3 main steps in transcription?
Initiation, elongation, termination
Name one stop codon
UAA, UAG, UGA
This scientist was a rival of Franklin's. He showed Watson Photo 51 without her permission.
Maurice Wilkins