Taking Notes
List the stages of Memory Processing.
Stage 1:Sensory Input
Stage 2: Sensory Memory
Stage 3: Working Memory
Stage 4: Long-Term Memory
Define plagiarism.
Plagiarism is using someone else's work without giving them proper credit.
List the meaning of each letter in the acronym SMARTER.
SMARTER stands for specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, time-bound, evaluate, revise.
Describe the physical and intellectual preparation required for a test.
The physical preparation for a test involves eating balanced meals and getting adequate sleep before a test. Deep breathing helps you be calm and avoid test anxiety. Intellectual test prep involves reviewing class materials. Cramming last minute does not work, but reviewing over a period of weeks helps you memorize information. One final review before a test solidifies all the information you've learned and helps memory recall during the test.
Define time management.
Time management is the process of planning and exercising conscious control of time spent on specific activities.
List the benefits of notetaking.
The benefits of notetaking are: having written information to review later. Notetaking also increases comprehension, memory recall and recognition, and connections between classes.
Describe the differences between primary and secondary sources. Include examples.
A primary source comes directly from the original source while a secondary source has been interpreted from the original source. A primary source is better suited to research because it only contains facts and holds no opion. Primary sources include speeches, interviews, and letters. Secondary sources include newspaper articles, websites, and rumors.
List the differences between a short term and a long term goal.
A short term goal is a goal that takes little time to achieve. Short term goals can take a week to a year to achieve. Short term goals are usually of less importance and require less effort versus a long term goal. This is a reason most people fulfill more short term than long term goals. An example of a short term goal is to ace next week's test. A long term goal takes an extended amount of time to achieve. Long term goals can take years to decades to achieve. Long term goals require significantly more effort to complete than a short term goal. An example of a long term goal is paying off your home in 30 years.
Explain the difference of declarative and procedural questions.
A declarative question involves identifying factual information. A declarative question can be multiple-choice, true/false, short answer essay, and long-answer essay questions. A procedural question asks you to apply your past knowledge to a procedure. A procedural question could be solving a problem with a procedure.
Describe how to calculate study time for in-person and online classes.
An in-person class requires 2 hours of outside study for every hour you are in class. An online class needs 3 hours of study for every hour of class. The student has to learn and find more material on their own, so an online class takes longer time. If you have limited time in the week, balance the amount of online and in-person classes so you are not overwhelmed.
Compare and contrast Cornell notes and outlining.
Both Cornell notes and outlining require you to idenitfy the main idea and supporting info. Both note formats can be turned into a study guide by folding the left margin and quizzing yourself with the questions. Both process information from auditory to written. Another similarity is that you record information that connects ideas. One difference is that Cornell notes include a summary and an outline does not.
Describe how to use the Boolean Expression to refine your search options.
The Boolean Expression uses the words "and", "not", and "or" to narrow or broaden a search field. Using "and" widens the search. Using "not" narrows the search.
Describe the benefits of goal setting. Use real-world and academic benefits.
Goal setting shows your progress and boosts motivation towards achieving a goal. Goal setting keeps you organized and on-time to achieve a goal. Goal setting helps students develop the skill of organizing their time and estimating workload. In the workplace, setting goals makes projects run smoothly. Goal setting helps avoid panic and fear due to upcoming deadlines.
Compare and contrast an SAQ and an essay.
An SAQ is a short answer essay. Both a SAQ and essay require a student to write in response to a prompt. They both require study and application of course materials. The difference between an essay and an SAQ is that an essay has a longer question, so it is more heavily weighted than a SAQ. Essays take longer to write and have a structure of an outline and thesis.
Describe the importance of an academic planning guide.
An academic planning guide is an overview of courses you need to complete in order to earn a degree. An academic planning guide saves time by identifying what courses you need to take. An academic planning guide makes sure you do not waste your time with too many electives or duplicate courses. You can identify how much money you need for your courses, so you can balance work with school.
Describe how to apply a learning style to note-taking.
Someone with a visual learning style should take notes using Cornell notes or 2 column notes. While taking notes, they should draw pictures and graphs about the topic. While reviewing their notes, they should use a variety of colors and add more pictures if necessary.
Someone with an auditory learning preference should take notes and use a recording device with permission. For review, they should re-listen to the record and verbally review the topic with a classmate. They can also speak aloud while review their notes.
Someone with a kinethestic learning style should take notes in any format, but preferably on a computer. Taking notes on a computer encourages movement with the fingers. While reviewing, they should walk around while reading their notes. Drawing and writing the notes on a whiteboard also encourages movement. They can create hand motions or dances to increase their understanding of a topic.
Describe a bibliography and explain its importance.
A bibliography is a list of sources used in research. A bibliography helps a writer avoid plagiarism by listing all sources used. Using the bibliographies in research documents can help you find relevant documents for your own research.
Describe how to use intermediary goals and backwards planning to achieve a long term goal.
An intermediary goal is a small goal, acting as a checkmark, along the way to a larger goal. If you have a long term goal in sight, you can chunk it up into several intermediary goals. You can plan DO and DUE dates backwards, starting with the end, to make a plan to reach the long term goal.
Describe how to predict the content of a test.
The syllabus can be used to predict the content of a test. The syllabus shows what course material is required for a unit so that material will be on the test. The professor also drops hints about tests. When the professor gets interested in the topic, draws on the board, says important phrases, and repeats points, that information will likely be on the test. You can also look at pasts tests to see how tests are organized and the types of questions it features.
Compare and constrast a to-do list and a calendar.
A to-do list focuses on short term smaller steps and daily tasks. A to-do list features necessary tasks that are not as important as a calendar. A to-do list is also not necessarily organized by time, it is just items that have to be done by the end of the day. A calendar focuses on long term events. Items on the calendar are more important than daily tasks and have been scheduled to start and end at a certain time.
Describe how information reaches the long-term memory stage.
Auditory information is heard and transferred to the sensory memory. Information is held in the sensory memory for only 3 seconds. The sensory memory can only hold 3-5 bits of information at once. If the information is deemed important, it is sent to the working memory. The working memory can hold 5-9 bits of information for 30 seconds. The auditory information is now written down as notes. Repeated review, every few days, cycles the information between the working and long term memory. After repeated review, the information is permanently stored in the long term memory.
Explain how to evaluate the validity of research materials.
Evaluate the reliability, credibility, and relevance of the research document. You must critically analyze to see if the information makes sense and is believable. You must check the author's credentials and search for bias in the document. When using a website, check the end of the URL for the last three letters. Valid websites end in ".gov" or ".edu" because they are sponsored by the government or a learning institution.
Explain how Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs propels goal setting.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs demonstrates the order that human needs must be met. In order to progress through the levels, all previous needs must be met. To successfully accomplish a goal, you must analyze if there is a prerequisite you must attain before starting the goal. If your goal is on a higher level, then you must first work on the level you are currently in. For example, your dream is to one day start a family, but you are currently living in a dangerous area. You must first move from the safety level to the love and belgonging level before starting your goal.
Describe how to succeed during a test.
The first thing to do in a test is to read the directions. Professors are sneaky and might put something important in the directions. The next thing to do is look at the number and type of questions. Try to do objective questions before the essay questions because the essay questions take the longest. If time is running out, start bubbling answers so you have the possibility of earning credit. If you do not know the answer to a question, take an educated guess. After you receive your results on the test, review and analyze your score. Make of list of what you need to improve on so you can study it and ace the next test. If you have questions talk to your professor, but remember to be respectful.
Predict how to schedule classes with personal obligations.
If I am working full time, I must limit my credit load to less than 12 hours. A 12-hour credit load is about 36 hours of in-class attendance and studying. To balance a 12-hour credit load with work, I should limit work to a max of 15 hours per week. If my classes are very difficult, I should work fewer hours. The main goal is to balance school and work so that I have enough time to focus on each.