Classical Conditioning
The person who explored Classical Conditioning through the salivation of dogs
Ivan Pavlov
The person who studied Operant conditioning with animals in boxes
B. F. Skinner
This type of punishment is banned within schools and other formal settings as it promotes fear and injuries
Physical Punishment
The psychologist who studied biological constraints with rats and radioactive water
John Garcia
Learning by observing others
Observational Learning
A learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS)
Conditioned Response (CR)
Any event that strengthens the behavior it follows.
Reinforcement
This type of behavior is suppressed, not forgotten
Punished Behavior
The tendency of learned behavior to gradually revert to biologically predisposed patterns
Indistinctive Drift
The process of observing and imitating a specific behavior
Modeling
An originally neutral stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS), comes to trigger a conditioned response (CR)
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior
Shaping
The experiment focused on the fear responses of a little boy to rats and loud noises
Little Albert
A biological predisposition to learn associations, such as between taste and nausea, that have survival value
Preparedness
Solving problems through sudden insight
Insight Learning
The diminishing of a conditioned response when an unconditioned stimulus does not follow a conditioned stimulus
Extinction
A stimulus that elicits a response after association with reinforcement
Discriminative Stimulus
The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes
Behaviorism
The process of our body preparing us to taste aversions to toxic food
One-Trial Conditioning
Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it
Latent Learning
The reappearance, after a pause, of a weakened conditioned response.
Spontaneous Recovery
An event that tends to decrease the behavior that it follows.
Punishment
Neurons that some scientists believe fire when we perform certain actions or observe another doing so. The brain’s mirroring of another’s action may enable imitation and empathy
Mirror Neurons
This substance is difficult to avoid when conditioning, as it produces sweet sensations, creating a dependance on it quickly
Sweets/Candy
The doll used to study Social Learning in children
Bobo Doll