Psychological Perspective
Who proposed the concept of Language Acquisition Device (LAD)?
Noam Chomsky (1965)
According to Vygotsky, how does language develop?
Through social engagement, especially with more competent speakers
According to Piaget, language learning is linked to what?
Cognitive development and the ability to form concepts
What does Communicative Language Teaching emphasize?
Real-life interaction over rote memorization
What does Krashen’s Input Hypothesis state?
Learners acquire language when they understand input slightly above their current proficiency level (i+1)
What concept shows that learners can achieve higher language skills with guidance?
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
What do information-processing models suggest about language learning?
Learners process language similarly to problem-solving: noticing patterns, forming hypotheses, and adjusting based on feedback
What does Task-Based Language Teaching encourage learners to do?
Complete meaningful tasks (e.g., writing emails, giving presentations)
What are the two types of motivation identified by Gardner and Lambert?
Integrative motivation and instrumental motivation
Who introduced the Interaction Hypothesis?
Long (1983)
Who emphasized the Noticing Hypothesis?
Schmidt (1990)
How do technology-enhanced tools help learners?
They provide instant feedback and adapt to learners’ proficiency
Which psychological factors influence vocabulary retention and grammatical accuracy?
Working memory and attention span
What improves comprehension and production in social contexts?
Negotiation of meaning during conversation
What is crucial for language acquisition according to the Noticing Hypothesis?
Conscious attention to language forms
What guides learners’ progress in formal instruction?
Assessments, both formative and summative
Why do intrinsically motivated learners acquire new languages more efficiently?
Because motivation significantly affects learning
How do peer groups and community help learners?
They provide not only linguistic input but also cultural understanding
Which cognitive strategies help in memorizing vocabulary and mastering grammar?
Rehearsal, mnemonic devices, and visualization
Give an example of TBLT in the classroom.
Learners might simulate a shopping experience in English, practicing both vocabulary and functional expressions