This learning improves the ability to detect, discriminate, and classify sensory stimuli of a particular category. ex. author can distinguish features of different monkeys
What is perceptual skill learning
100
Accumulated knowledge that is not tied to any particular event but is also subject to conscious recollection. ex. What is the capital of California?
What is semantic memory
100
This patient was known for having his hippocampi removed; he was the most studied neurological case, ever.
Who is Patient H.M.
100
A behavioral procedure used with rodents to examine spatial learning and memory. It is an alternate to a radial maze and the water can be made clear or opaque
What is the Morris Water Maze
100
The most frequent excitatory neurotransmitter in the hippocampus is the amino aside glutamate. These receptors have 2 types: AMPA and ____? (Magnesium blocks these receptors)
What are NMDA receptors
200
This type of learning links otherwise unrelated stimuli, or a stimulus and a reward or punishment, or a stimuli and a behavioral response.
What is associative learning
200
The capacity to consciously recollect specific past events.
What is episodic memory
200
In 1949 he proposed that "neurons that fire together, wire together".
Who is Donald Hebb; Hebb's Hypothesis
200
Hermann Ebbinghaus performed rigorous studies of human memory capacities. He developed meaningless consonant-vowel-consonant letter strings called:
What are nonsense syllables
200
A cellular mechanism for strengthening connections between neurons: (Bliss & Lomo, 1973) a single stimulation caused a more rapid increase in the excitatory synaptic potential, and a single stimulation recruited more cells that reached the action potential threshold.
What is Long Term Potentiation
300
US, UR, CS, and CR: what procedure do they belong to? Give an example of one.
Unconditioned stimulus, conditioned stimulus, conditioned reflex and unconditioned reflex.
300
The acquisition of attractions and aversions to otherwise neutral stimuli (involves the amygdala)
What is emotional memory
300
In 1906, this British physiologist discovered the simplest brain circuit- the reflex arc.
Who is Charles Sherrington
300
Patient H.M.'s ability to identify fragments of pictures occurred in the absence of any conscious memory of the pictures he had seen. ex. airplane
What is Gollins Partial Pictures Task (Gollins Figures)
300
Name 5 basic components of a neuron
What is synapse, axon, dendrite, nucleus, cell body
400
These two types of interference can prevent learning of new or old information. Which is which?
What is retroactive and proactive
400
Memories that reach consciousness and can be expressed explicitly, typically through language or a broad range of intentional actions.
What is cognitive memory
400
Using frog hearts, his experiment looked at chemical transmission or modulation of the electrical signal across neurons.
Who is Otto Loewi
400
Thorndike conducted a series of experiments with cats in puzzle boxes and used this theory to justify their escape.
What is the Law of Effect
400
What are the 4 lobes of the brain?
What are frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal
500
FR, FI, VR, VI are used to describe what? What do they stand for?
What are schedules of reinforcement. fixed ratio, fixed interval, variable ratio and variable interval
500
Memories that do not reach consciousness and are expressed by changes in performance when particular actions that were performed during learning are repeated
What is behavioral memory
500
Through many systematic studies (1927), he identified the importance of two parameters in establishing and maintaining the conditioned reflex. "CS must predict the US"
Who is Ivan Pavlov
500
An acquired feeling of futility, or a passive response indicative of such feelings, in a situation where on has no control over the incidence of a negative reinforcer.
What is learned helplessness
500
This part of the brain is part of the cerebral cortex that, in evolutionary terms, was one of the first cortical areas to develop; it is essential to conscious memory.