Terms
Studies
two effects of the environment
interactions in emotinos
Theories
100
cognition is a mental process that receives and processes information, which later leads to further understanding of that information and enrichment of experience.
What is cognition?
100
Tienrney conducted his experiment in 2001
In what year did Tierney conducted his experiment?
100
Some effects are: - brain plasticity - mirror neurons - jet lag
What are two effect of the environment on psychological processes?
100
it examines the inner processes of the mind and determines individual's behavior
What does cognitive level of analysis determine and examines?
100
LeDoux Theory is the theory taht argues for the advatages of two separate pathways that may transfer emotions
What theory argues for the advatages of two separate pathways that may transfer emotions?
200
Brain plasticity is a mental ability to rearrange its connections with some of its neurons.
What is brain plasticity?
200
They used the 37 year-old man, whose name was revealed and replaced with 'MA' nickname.
What was the confidential aspect of Tierney's study (2001)?
200
Brain plasticity
What is the other name for neuroplasticity?
200
Ekman (1972) had discovered six fundamental emotions that are: fear, anger, surprise, sadness, happiness and disgust.
What are the most fundamental emotions/adaptive responces that Ekman had discovered and in what year?
200
This theory states that fear has two pathways: the short route or direct pathway, in which emotional stimulus goes from Thalamus to Amygdala and forms an emotional response. On the other hand, the long route or the indirect pathway requires emotional stimulus to go to neo-cortex and hippocampus, after what the fear response will form.
Explain LeDoux theory. (hint: pathways)
300
bidirectional is a relationship, in which human brain changes specific memories, experiences and behavior due to the changes in the cerebral cortex, caused by environmental enrichment.
What is bidirectional?
300
The environmental factor was Brain plasticity (neuroplasticity)
What environmental factor did Rosenzweig and Bennet (1972) investigated in their study?
300
The connected studies are: Rosenzweig and Bennet 1972 Tierney 2001 Gaser and Schaulg 2003.
What study/studies connect to the brain plasticity?
300
The bases of biological level of analysis are the view of emotions as a completely somatic processes (process that are taking place within the body of an individual)
How does biological level of analysis view emotions? Define the term as well.
300
the wrong perceptions that may lead to the physical arousals that are later lead to the experience of particular emotions, which are later going be labeled and interpreted in order to explain the situations. The labeling is happening with an interaction of cognitive appraisals that are later result in an emotional experience.
What is Two-Factor Theory? (define and explain)
400
Mirror Neurons or MN, are the neurons that are activated, which a specific being is performing a specific action or observes someone else performing the same activity.
What is MN?
400
Gaser and Schaulg (2003) – since they had musicians as their only participants, the findings cannot be generalized to all activities, since different parts of brain are activated during different activities performed by human beings
What is the methodological limitation in Gaser and Schaulg (2003) study?
400
In 1980s Rizzolatti's group was the group that discovered MNs
What is group had discovered mirror neurons and in what time period?
400
- Le Doux Theory - James-Lamge Theory - Cannon-Bard Theory - Schachter and Singer's cognititve labelling theory or Two-Factor Theory - Darwin's evolutionary theory - Lazarus' appraisal theory of emotions
What all six theories about biological and cognitive factors that interact in emotions?
400
the physiological action or experience of any emotions comes from an original/initial idea or thought about a specific situation
What did Lazarus state?
500
Jet lag is the mismatched/damaged circadian rhythm, which controls the natural hours of an individual
What is Jet Lag?
500
the generalization cannot be made to the whole population, since Schacter and Singer used only young males as their participants. Also, the confounding factors, such as unknown brain damages, could have influenced the ability of participants to identify the emotions, which may weaken the reliability of the study. Conclusion: in order for emotions to change, only general arousal is needed. Also, the interpretation of physiological cues that is combined with situation resulted in the miss labeling of emotions by participants. Therefore, the change of emotions may occur as a result of a combination of physiological changes – in this case the adrenaline injections – and cognitive labeling.
What are the methodological issues in Schacter and Singer (1962) study and what did they conclude?
500
He examined: - Emotion: disgust - Environmental effect: MR
What emotion and environmental effect did Keysers examine in 2003?
500
Schacter and Singer (1962) had brought up the idea about two cognitive factors that are influencing emotions. - the physical arousal and the emotional interpretation/labeling those physical arousals. - emotions experienced is determined by the strength of the physical arousals, while the determination of experienced emotions comes from interpretations of those physical arousals.
What was the study that examine the Two-factor theory?What was the year, in which the study was conducted? what were those two factors
500
LeDoux: - Gazzaniga's study (2000) Two-factor Theory - Schacter and Singer's (1962) Lazarus’s theory of Appraisal - Spiesman et al (1964)
What studies (with year) connect to at least two theories about biological and cognitive factors that affect/interact in emotions?
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