LEARNING AND CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
A type of learning that involves creating an association between a naturally existing stimulus and a previously neutral one. The response to the stimuli is involuntary.
What is classical conditioning?
This famous psychologist produced the "bobo the clown experiment" to measure the effects of observational learning and violence in young children.
Who is Albert Bandura?
A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher.
What is operant conditioning?
Reinforcing a desired response every time it occurs.
What is continuous reinforcement?
In classical conditioning, a stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, eventually elicits a conditioned response.
What is conditioned stimulus?
In learning, the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior.
What is modeling?
This term in Operant Conditioning will always result in INCREASING the desired behavior.
What is reinforcement?
A ratio schedule of reinforcement is dependent upon this.
What is the number of times the behavior is performed?
The tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses.
What is generalization?
In classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus, such as salivation when food is in the mouth.
What is unconditioned response?
When learning has occurred, but it may not be apparent until an incentive has been given to the test subject to demonstrate their learning.
What is latent learning?
When a teacher gives you an A+ because you worked hard on an essay, what form of Operant Conditioning is being used?
What is positive reinforcement?
This schedule of reinforcement is the most prone to extinction.
What is continuous reinforcement?
Learning that certain events occur together. Events can be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning).
What is associative learning?
In classical conditioning, a stimulus that naturally triggers a response.
What is unconditioned stimulus?
Positive, constructive, helpful behavior learned through observation.
What is prosocial behavior?
A fixed-interval schedule occurs after this.
What is a specific amount of time has passed?
An organism's decreasing response to a stimulus with repeated exposure to it.
What is habituation?
The reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response.
What is spontaneous recovery?
Frontal Lobe nerve cells that fire when performing specific motor actions but also when observing others do so.
What are mirror neurons?
A structure containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer; attached devices record the animal's rate of bar pressing or key pecking.
This was created by BF Skinner to research operant conditioning on animals.
What is an operant chamber (or Skinner box)?
Gertrude was issued 10 speeding tickets in 2021. In accordance with CT law, her license was then suspended. This represents a _________ schedule of reinforcement.
What is fixed-ratio?