Behaviorism
This theory focuses on observable behavior shaped by reinforcement.
What is Behaviorism
This theory focuses on mental processes like memory and problem-solving.
What is Cognitivism?
This psychologist introduced the Zone of Proximal Development.
Who is Lev Vygotsky?
Creating concept maps reflects this theory.
What is Cognitivism?
A university lecturer gives weekly quizzes that significantly improve exam performance, even when no grades are attached. This outcome challenges strict behaviorist explanations and instead supports this cognitive principle.
What is the testing effect (or retrieval practice within Cognitivism)?
This psychologist is associated with operant conditioning.
Who is B. F. Skinner?
This Swiss psychologist developed stages of cognitive development.
Who is Jean Piaget?
This theory emphasizes learning through experience.
What is Constructivism?
Using study groups reflects this theory.
What is Constructivism?
If a student relies solely on positive reinforcement to study, but performs poorly on analytical essay exams, this limitation suggests behaviorism fails to account for this internal learning process.
What is deep cognitive processing (or higher-order thinking skills)?
Rewarding yourself after studying is an example of this.
What is positive reinforcement?
Testing yourself instead of rereading notes is called this strategy.
What is retrieval practice?
Learning through group discussion reflects this approach.
What is social constructivism?
Rewarding yourself for completing assignments reflects this theory.
What is Behaviorism?
A student performs well in study groups but struggles when studying independently for final exams. This suggests that constructivism may lack emphasis on this essential academic skill.
What is independent metacognitive regulation (or self-regulated learning)?
This type of reinforcement removes something unpleasant to increase behavior.
What is negative reinforcement?
Thinking about how you learn is called this.
What is metacognition?
The Zone of Proximal Development refers to learning that occurs with this.
What is guidance or scaffolding from a more knowledgeable person?
A student changes her study strategy after failing a quiz. This demonstrates this skill.
What is metacognition?
This theory is considered most effective for consciously improving academic performance because it promotes deep processing, strategic studying, and long-term retention.
What is Cognitivism?
This concept involves strengthening behavior through repeated association.
What is conditioning?
This memory system stores information for extended periods.
What is long-term memory?
Constructivism emphasizes building knowledge based on this.
Constructivism emphasizes building knowledge based on this.
Breaking complex material into smaller parts reflects this cognitive principle.
What is information processing?
A student rereads notes for hours and feels confident but performs poorly on exams. This illustrates a failure in monitoring this cognitive mechanism, which is central to academic success.
What is metacognitive accuracy