Classical Conditioning
Adapting to the Environment
Operant Conditioning
Schedule of Reinforcement
Cognitive Factors in Leaning
100
A type of learning that involves stimulus-response connections.
Conditioning
100
Learned avoidance of a particular food.
Taste aversion
100
Did I tell you that you are one of my favorite students? So, you get 100 points.
Yay!
100
The reinforcement of the behavior occurs every time the behavior occurs.
Continuous reinforcement
100
Learning that remains hidden until it is needed.
Latent learning
200
A stimulus that causes a response that is automatic, not learned.
"Meat" - Pavlov's dogs
"Clanging of the steel bars" - The little Albert Experiment
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
200
In this method, a person is exposed to the harmless stimulus until fear responses to that stimulus are extinguished.
Flooding
200
Reinforcers that function due to the biological makeup of an organism.
Primary reinforcers
200
You are one of my favorite students. You get 200 points!
Yahoo!
200
You are so lucky today! 200 points are yours!
Yeah!
300
Learned stimulus.
"Bell" - Pavlov's dog
"Rat" - The little Albert experiment
Conditioned stimulus (CS)
300
What occurs when the conditioned stimulus (CS) is disconnected from the unconditioned stimulus (US), and as a result, the conditioned stimulus (CS) no longer causes the conditioned response (CR) to occur.
Extinction
300
Reinforcers that increase the frequency of the behavior they follow when they are applied.
Positive reinforcers
300
The way of teaching complex behaviors in which one first reinforces small steps in the total activity.
Shaping
300
Studying something regularly, so the learning is distributed over several days or weeks.
Distributed learning
400
Automatic response.
"Salivation" - Pavlov's dog
"Fear" - The little Albert experiment
Unconditioned response (UR)
400
In this method, people are taught relaxation techniques, and then, while they are relaxed, they are exposed gradually to the stimulus they fear.
Systematic desensitization
400
These reinforcers initially acquire their value through being paired with established reinforcers.
Secondary reinforcers
400
A behavior is not reinforced every time it occurs.
Partial reinforcement
400
Trying to learn something all at once.
Massed Learning
500
Learned response to a stimulus that was previously neutral, or meaningless.
"Salivation" - Pavlov's dog
"Fear" - The little Albert experiment
Conditioned response (CR)
500
The act of responding in the same ways to stimuli that seem to be similar.
Generalization
500
Reinforcers that increase the frequency of the behavior that follows when they are removed.
Negative reinforcers
500
Each step of the sequence must be learned and must lead to the next until the final action is achieved.
Chaining
500
Learning in which people acquire knowledge and skills by watching others.
Observational Learning