Quick Facts
Fill in the blank
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Observational Learning
100
ABC stand for?
Antecedent/activating agent, Behavior/belief, Consequence
100
An unconditioned stimulus paired with a ____________ will become a conditioned stimulus.
Neutral
100
During classical conditioning, extinction occurs when you repeatedly present the ________ by itself.
Conditioned Stimulus. The conditioned stimulus then becomes a neutral stimulus once extinction has taken place.
100
Behaviors with favorable consequences will occur more frequently and behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences will occur less frequently.
Law of Effect. Learning = Behavior + consequence
100
What was the name of the doll used in Bandura's observational learning experiment on aggresion?
Bobo
200
What are the five components of learning? (in order)
Knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, and synthesis.
200
Positive punishment INCREASES/DECREASES the frequency of behavior. Negative punishment INCREASES/DECREASES the frequency of behavior.
Both decreases
200
What are the five components of classical conditioning?
US, UR, NS, CS, CR.
200
What are the four schedules of partial reinforcement? Give an example of 2.
Fixed interval, fixed ratio, variable interval, variable ratio.
200
What conditions need to be met in order for observational learning to take place?
Attention, retention, ability to reproduce behavior, and motivation.
300
The effect of promising a reward for doing what one already likes to do; the reward may lessen and replace the person's original, natural motivation so that the behavior stops if the reward is eliminated. (Hint: related to motivation and achievement)
Overjustification effect
300
The ability to understand and display delayed reinforcement has been correlated with high __________ and ________ during adolescence and adulthood. (2 words for each fill in the blank)
interpersonal skills and academic achievement
300
The biological predisposition to develop _________ may protect us from revisiting foods that could be poisonous. (2 words)
Taste aversion
300
What is the difference between primary and secondary reinforcement? Give an example of each
Innate vs. Learned: (food, water, shelter) vs. money, rewards, status, material things
300
This type of learning occurs but is not apparent until the learner has an incentive to demonstrate it.
Latent learning
400
Match each person with the correct learning theory. 1. Bandura 2. B.F Skinner 3. Pavlov
Observational Learning. Operant conditioning. Classical Conditioning
400
Continuous reinforcement: establish. Partial reinforcement: ________________
Strengthen
400
Why is it that automobile advertisements—especially those for sports cars—often feature beautiful young women? Because smart advertisers know (and research confirms) that new cars pictured in ads that include attractive females are rated by men as faster, more appealing, better designed, and more desirable than similar cars in ads that do not include attractive females.
US: attractive women UR: Arousal NS/CS: Advertisement CR: purchase of automobiles
400
What are three reasons why punishment is less effective than reinforcement?
Punishment does not get rid of the desired behavior, people will learn to discriminate, creates a feeling of fear, may lead to aggressive behavior towards others (displaced aggression)
400
Where are mirror neurons located? Broken mirrors are associated with which mental disorder?
prefrontal cortex and autism
500
You are late for 9:30 check-in on an academic night. Now your study break is taken away the following night. What type of operant conditioning is this?
Negative Punishment
500
Peter is 4 years old. During the summer, he gets extremely excited when he hears the ice cream truck going down his street. Peter's mother notices that he expresses the same excitement when a police officer travels down the street with the siren on. This is an example of what?
Stimulus generalization
500
. As part of a new and intriguing line of research in behavioral medicine, researchers give mice saccharine-flavored water (a sweet flavor that mice love) and then follow it up with an injection of a drug that weakens the mice’s immune systems. Later, when these mice drank saccharine-flavored water, they showed signs of a weakened immune response. Research is currently underway to see if the reverse is possible (i.e., if conditioning can be used to increase immune functioning).
US: drug UR: weakened immune system NS: water CS: water CR: weakened immune system
500
(1)Homeowners who re-cycle get to deduct 5% from their utility bill. Recycling increases after this program begins. (2)Toddler puts hand on a hot stove and burns himself. He learns to never put his hand on the stove again.
Negative reinforcement and positive punishment.
500
Learning by seeing the consequences of another person's behavior is called vicarious learning. True or False?
True
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