Constructivism
adjustment to the environment
What is adaptation?
Knowledge is distributed amongst other human beings in a global environment.
What is, how learning occurs?
believed that we do have such a thing as a mind, but that it is simply more productive to study observable behavior rather than internal mental events.
Who is the theologist, B.F. Skinner?
Instructional approach developed by Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger in the early 1990s, and follows the work of Dewey, Vygotsky, and others (Clancey, 1995) who claim that students are more inclined to learn by actively participating in the learning experience. S
What is Situated Learning?
Piaget, Gagne, Vygotsky and Bruner
What is the name of the key theorists for cognitivism?
russian philisopher; 1896-1934 major works between 1925 and his death from TB in 1934/ the first publication in the US was not until 1978
Who is Lev Vygotsky?
"...tools of control over information creation and dissemination rest in the hands of learners"
What is, the factors that influence learning?
Observed behavior provides the only valid data in psychology; hypotheses about internal thoughts are nothing more than speculation.
What is Behaviorism?
Participation in a social practice, so that learning is socially constructed.
What is context?
The key to learning in Cognitivism
What is prior knowledge?
fitting new information into existing schemas
What is assimilation?
Half-life knowledge is the span of time when knowledge is gained before it becomes obsolete. Application of information before it is outdated.
What is the role of memory?
If the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus are repeatedly paired, eventually the two stimuli become associated and the organism begins to produce a behavioral response to the conditioned response.
What is Classical Conditioning?
They posit, instead, that the physical and social contexts in which an activity takes place are an integral part of the activity, and that the activity is an integral part of the learning that takes place within it.
What is the role of context?
Building knowledge on existing knowledge
What is scaffolding?
learning hinges on our interactions with others and one’s ability to apply knowledge to new situations
What is Socialization?
Information is abundant.
Cognitive capacity is transferred onto a network.
What is, how does transfer occur?
Use of a behavior's consequence to influence the occurrence and form of voluntary behavior.
What is Operant Conditioning?
The activity in which knowledge is developed is not separate from the learning, but is interwoven. The authors use language to illustrate how good readers use context to make meaning and that the context can and does change the meaning.
What is an interwoven activity?
If learning has meaning you will learn it better because you are connecting it to something you already know.
What is meaningful effect?
Thinking about learning and about the ways one learns best; applying the same patterns of learning to unfamiliar concepts and experiences
What is metacognition?
Networks are rich.
There is an explosion in how we connect with people and data sources.
Algorithms help people to see, stay current and form networks. (Laureate, 2009)
What is, How technology is used for
learning in your industry?
According to this principle, behavior that is followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated, and behavior followed by unpleasant consequences is less likely to be repeated.
What is Thorndike's Law of Effect?
1. Individual cognition in school versus shared cognition
2. Pure mentation in school versus tool manipulation
3. Symbol manipulation versus. Contextualized learning
4. Generalized learning versus situation specific competencies
What is Resnick's Four Classes of Discontinuity?
Concept maps used to process information
What are mental maps?